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Mercoledì 12 marzo 2025-Strasburgo

19. Minacce secessionistiche in Bosnia-Erzegovina e la recente escalation (discussione)
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ʰšŧŧ. – Nākamais darba kārtības punkts ir debates par Komisijas paziņojumu par separātisma draudiem Bosnijā un Hercegovinā un neseno saspīlējuma pieaugumu ().

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Christophe Hansen, Member of the Commission. – MrPresident, honourable Members, one year has passed since the historic decision of the European Council to open EU accession negotiations with Bosnia and Herzegovina. It seems the reform enthusiasm has evaporated, and Bosnia and Herzegovina has again entered into an institutional and political crisis. To get back on track, we call on all political actors to continue taking resolute action to finalise reforms in line with the EU acquis and European standards. In this regard, it is crucial to continue addressing the relevant steps to move forward on the EU path. It is what the vast majority of the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina expect.

The Commission continuously supports the country in this endeavour. Despite the turbulence in the ruling majority, the adoption in Ϸվ on 30January of the Law on Personal Data Protection – a precondition for cooperation with Eurojust – and of the Law on Border Control was a good signal into the right direction.

We need further progress and this means, in particular, the adoption of the Law on Courts and the Law on High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council being fully in line with European standards. The appointment of a chief negotiator also remains important. Let us also remind Bosnia and Herzegovina not to lose the opportunity of over EUR1 billion of investments through the Growth Plan for the Western Balkans. Therefore, it is important for the country to submit its reform agenda without further delay. It is even more important in view of the Western Balkans Leaders' Summit on the Growth Plan in Skopje next week on 19 and 20 March.

Contrary to the progress on the EU path, recent actions by the Republika Srpska leadership following the first instance ruling in the criminal trial against Milorad Dodik on 26February present a serious setback. On Thursday 27 February, the Republika Srpska National Assembly adopted four laws in urgent procedure, including to ban state level judicial and police bodies from operating in the entity, to set up a separate Judiciary Council and to target NGOs as foreign agents. These legal acts undermine the constitutional and legal order of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the functionality of its institutions. Specifically, the Republika Srpska law on foreign agents adversely affects democratic values and threatens fundamental freedoms, marking a step backwards.

These actions directly contradict the repeated commitments of the Republika Srpska entity leadership to advance on the EU accession path of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The EU therefore urges all political actors to renew the focus on progressing on the EU path. On Friday 7March, the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina issued interim measures suspending the application of all legal acts adopted by the Republika Srpska National Assembly on 27February.

As we have recalled on several occasions, the EU expects all political actors to respect the decision of the Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to acknowledge its independence and impartiality, and to refrain from actions that may deepen divisions and create further tensions.

Further, last week, the operational commander of EUFOR-Althea decided to temporarily increase the size of its force by activating the reserves as a proactive measure aimed at assisting Bosnia and Herzegovina in the interest of all citizens. An increased and visible EUFOR presence is directly related to its task of supporting the authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina in ensuring a safe and secure environment for all citizens.

Dear colleagues, to conclude, the EU answer has been firm and unequivocal. We now expect the Republika Srpska authorities to respect the decision of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina to suspend the laws threatening the legal order. We urge all political actors to enter into dialogue rapidly, to de-escalate the situation and to focus efforts on delivering progress for citizens, including on the EU path.

Progress on the EU path is the best guarantee for stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and has multiple benefits for the citizens of the country. The Commission remains committed to Bosnia and Herzegovina's accession perspective as a single, united and sovereign country. Thank you for your attention and I am looking forward to a fruitful discussion.

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Ondřej Kolář, za skupinu PPE. – Pane předsedající, drazí kolegové z Bosny a Hercegoviny, já se vám přiznám, že mě udivuje, že mezi námi stále jsou lidé, kteří tvrdí a jsou přesvědčeni o tom, že Rusko není náš nepřítel, že nám neškodí, že s ním nejsme ve válce. My s ním bohužel jsme ve válce, jsme s ním v hybridní válce, která se bojuje mimo jiné na Balkáně. A já si tak říkám, jestli nám ta situace v Bosně a Hercegovině něco nepřipomíná. Politický představitel jedné entity v evropské zemi, v zemi, která aspiruje na členství v Evropské unii, žádá otevřeně Rusko o pomoc. Žádá Rusko, aby na půdě Spojených národů hlasovalo proti závěrům Daytonské dohody a tomu, co vlastně v Bosně a Hercegovině udržuje mír.

Jak to dopadlo na Ukrajině, všichni víme. Zažíváme to teď každý den. My jsme teď v situaci, kdy do Bosny a Hercegoviny musíme posílat vojáky, aby se neopakovalo to, na co jsem se jako malý kluk díval v televizních zprávách v polovině devadesátých let. A jestli někomu nedochází, že se nás tímhle snaží Rusko oslabit, tak je, omlouvám se, buď úplně mimo, anebo straní Rusku a jeho podřízenému Miloradu Dodikovi. Já nechci, abychom do Bosny museli posílat vojáky. Já chci, abychom tam mohli posílat prostředky na výstavbu škol, školek, nemocnic, infrastruktury, a mimo jiné proto se s kolegyněmi a kolegy z Evropského parlamentu chystáme na začátku dubna na cestu do Bosny, abychom se na vlastní oči přesvědčili, jaký je stav věcí, a podle toho tady dál mohli pracovat na tom, aby se Bosna a Hercegovina úspěšně stala členem Evropské unie.

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Matjaž Nemec, v imenu skupine S&D. – Gospod predsednik. Dragi prijatelji iz Bosne in Hercegovine. Bosna in Hercegovina si zasluži vso pozornost mednarodne skupnosti in še posebej Evropske unije, ki je do danes v državo in njeno evropsko integracijo vložila veliko energije in političnega kapitala, kot tudi moja država, Republika Slovenija.

A dejstvo je, da Milorad Dodik uresničuje separatistične grožnje. Njegove poteze pa resno ogrožajo ozemeljsko celovitost in suverenost Bosne in Hercegovine, prav tako pa tudi njeno evropsko prihodnost.

Poglabljanju destabilizacije in varnostnih tveganj se lahko učinkovito zoperstavimo. Bolečine Bosne in Hercegovine Evropi niso tuje. Zgodovina pa ponuja mnogokatere rešitve.

Evropska unija mora tako konstruktiven partner postati in biti, ki si aktivno prizadeva za vzpostavitev dialoga z vsemi tremi narodi v državi ter za omehčanje destruktivnega in močnega kremeljskega vpliva na Dodikovo Republiko Srbsko.

Zavedajoč se, kaj je na kocki, in moralna dolžnost tako Unije in političnih akterjev v Bosni in Hercegovini je vnovič doseči notranjo spravo, s tem pa odpreti pot konsenzu o evropski poti in reformni agendi. To je navsezadnje tudi predpogoj za vzpostavitev predvidenih finančnih sredstev za Bosno in Hercegovino iz načrta za rast za Zahodni Balkan.

Zato, spoštovani komisar, kolegice in kolegi, Unija mora ostati v središču političnega dogajanja in stopiti korak dlje. Rešitev za Bosno je polnopravno članstvo v EU, ne več samo v Daytonu.

Dragim prijateljem v Bosni in Hercegovini pa želim položiti na srce, da je zdaj skrajni čas za politično zrelost in konstruktivizem. Samo skupaj lahko premikamo meje Evropske unije in ohranimo mir in stabilnost. Srečno.

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André Rougé, au nom du groupe PfE. – Monsieur le Président, Mesdames et Messieurs les représentants du Parlement de Bosnie-Herzégovine, chers collègues, la demande d'interpellation du président de l'entité serbe, MiloradDodik, par le parquet fédéral de Bosnie-Herzégovine n'est pas seulement une infamie; c'est aussi une faute grave. Dans le contexte déjà troublé de notre continent, le devoir et la responsabilité de l'Union européenne sont de stabiliser les Balkans occidentaux, et non de jeter de l'huile sur le feu, en rajoutant un nouveau foyer de tensions en Bosnie-Herzégovine.

Par conséquent, cessons de nous acharner contre BanjaLuka, en violation de l'esprit de Dayton. Cessons de soutenir des mesures provocatrices, comme les poursuites judiciaires, en réalité de nature politique, lancées par une Cour constitutionnelle et un parquet illégitimes aux yeux de la Republika Srpska. Cessons surtout d'appliquer un «deux poids, deux mesures», qui n'honore pas l'Union européenne et risque de rouvrir les plaies du passé. Appliquons donc les accords de Dayton, rien que les accords de Dayton et tous les accords de Dayton. Déployons toutes les virtualités de coexistence et de développement qu'il recèle, plutôt que de nous livrer à la pyromanie.

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Abir Al-Sahlani, on behalf of the Renew Group. – Mr President, there will be a time when it is too late to act. Bosnia and Herzegovina is wrapped up in a conflict that is driven by Milorad Dodik and his boy band: Putin, Orbán and Vucic. Together they struck a serious blow to the Dayton peace agreement.

Mr President, Commissioner, esteemed colleagues, let us not fail the people of Bosnia again. We failed them as we watched the first genocide after the Holocaust unroll in front of our eyes in July 1995, in Srebrenica. We failed them when we watched concentration camps built where Bosnians were systematically murdered, tortured, raped, starved. We failed them when we watched Sarajevo be under siege for three long years.

The time for press releases is over. It's time to act! Impose swift sanctions on those who are breaching the Dayton peace agreement. Strengthen our EUFOR mission so we can keep the peace. And continue the support to the Bosnian legal system and institutions, with the aim for them to become members of the EU. Do not let the people of Bosnia down again. Never forget Srebrenica!

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Tineke Strik, on behalf of the Verts/ALE Group. – MrPresident, the latest illegal moves towards succession by MrDodik are a direct threat to the peace and integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its future into the EU. MrDodik is not acting in the interest of the citizens of Republika Srpska or their well-being. Acting as Putin's puppet on the Balkans, Dodik stands ready to fulfil any request from Moscow, even if this means war affecting the citizens he claims to represent. He's a convicted criminal whose only goal is to sustain power and enrich himself through corrupted politics.

The EU must impose sanctions on Dodik and his partners in crime, freeze foreign assets and issue entry bans and, if needed, without Hungary, to protect the security of the Bosnian and Herzegovinian and the European people. We must, and we can, offer a real perspective to all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina if we respect the rule of law, make these corrupted politicians harmless and start listening to the will of the citizens.

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Michael Gahler (PPE). – MrPresident, colleagues, Commissioner, in Milorad Dodik's wet dreams, he sees Bosnia and Herzegovina disintegrate and he leads the Republika Srpska into a Greater Serbia. That is why he acts the way he acts.

The law on the protection of the constitutional order would, if adopted and implemented, actually result in the opposite of what it claims in its title. Today they initiated the adoption of a new constitution. A special session will be held tomorrow to adopt the draft constitution and the law.

The RS is clearly not abiding by the BiH Constitutional Court interim measures to annul earlier decisions of the RS Assembly of 27February. But fortunately, Dodik is quite alone. Not even the relevant opposition parties in the RS support him. His best supporter, whom he visited at least three times last year, is Vladimir Putin, who is always willing to promote any activities that can cause us trouble.

It is good to see that we are upgrading our EUFOR military presence in the country as a preventive measure. A contingent from the Czech Republic, Romania and Italians are arriving. From the European Commission and other executive bodies, I expect that they will be very explicit. You did it with regard to our demands towards all stakeholders, including Dodik. You have to accept that the framework for policymaking is the Dayton Agreement, the constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and that includes the respect of the verdicts of the Constitutional Court.

What was started today is clearly anti-constitutional. If the constitutional authorities of BiH can eventually not prevent this process being finalised, it would be up to Christian Schmidt to act. I hope it is not necessary, but we have also possibilities from Brussels to have appropriate pressure to apply.

Can we afford to send funds to an anti-constitutional structure? Can you prevent that? I think only together can we make Bosnia and Herzegovina advance towards the EU. And that is what the people ...

(The President cut off the speaker)

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Thijs Reuten (S&D). – MrPresident, Commission, colleagues, Milorad Dodik's toxic mix of secessionism, autocratic tendencies, cosying up to Putin, ethnic hatred and systemic corruption has finally hit an obstacle.

For months now, he tried to negotiate a way out of an inevitable conviction. Years of neglect, hollowing out of institutions and appeasement out of fear of instability have created a problem that the country – held back by a constitutional straitjacket of power sharing – cannot solve on its own.

Tomorrow, the Commission representatives are on a fool's errand in Bosnia to discuss the growth plan. The Commission should stop appeasement, wishful thinking and pretending that things are fine. They are not.

Instead, hold firm and support Bosnia and Herzegovina's institutions in their duties across the country, be crystal clear about EUFOR's role safeguarding Bosnia and Herzegovina's security and territorial integrity, sanctions against Dodik and those aiding him, and finally support actors who are really willing to work on European integration.

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Gordan Bosanac (Verts/ALE). – MrPresident,Commissioner, I guess it will be much more pleasure to you and to us that tonight we speak about agriculture of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the food of Bosnia and Herzegovina. But unfortunately, I will speak about something else.

Poštovani predsjedavajući, ove godine obilježit ćemo 30 godina od uspostave mira u Bosni i Hercegovini Daytonskim sporazumom.

Nažalost, nakon 30 godina ovih dana ponovno slušamo zabrinjavajuće vijesti o separatističkim nastojanjima komadanja BiH. Mislim, te vijesti sporadično slušamo iz godine u godinu, ali danas gledamo i postupke Dodika koji s riječi prelazi na djela. Večeras je važno dati podršku cjelovitoj i suverenoj Bosni i Hercegovini i osuditi svaki pokušaj separatizma, ali još je važnije da takvo ponašanje osude sami građani BiH, jer ono je kruna neuspjelih politika, okarakteriziranih primarno nacionalizmom, nepotizmom i korupcijom. Ovaj sustav imao je šansu zadnjih 30 godina isporučiti neki napredak, a isporučuje danas strah i nemir. Zato je vrijeme za promjene. Vrata EU moraju biti širom otvorena za BiH, a ja pozivam ljude u Bosni i Hercegovini koji žele normalan, pravedan i ravnopravan život da zbiju redove, odupru se svakom separatizmu i svakom pozivu na nasilje. Ne dozvolite da vas uvuku u mržnju i drugi puta.

Čekamo vas u Europskoj uniji.

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Jan-Peter Warnke (NI). – Herr Präsident, Herr Kommissar! Das EU-Bosnien und Herzegowina-Assoziationsabkommen war bisher nicht erfolgreich. Die Ursachen sind vielfältig und liegen unter anderem in der fragilen interstaatlichen Struktur. EUFOR-Truppen, eine Militärmacht, sollen die Stabilität fördern– bisher verhindert dies bestenfalls ein Aufflammen von Waffengewalt. Ein Land kann nur von innen zusammenwachsen; ich glaube nicht an die Kraft von Waffen.

Unter NATO-Dominanz bei schwindendem Rückhalt der Menschen für einen EU-Beitritt müssen wir uns nicht wundern, dass die Regierung und die Bevölkerung der Republika Srpska in Banja Luka immer weniger auf die EU setzen, da durch die Verknüpfung von NATO und EU diese nicht mehr als Friedensprojekt wahrgenommen wird. Wie sollte sie auch?

Es fällt einigen in diesem Parlament nichts anderes ein, als fremde Mächte für diese Entfremdung verantwortlich zu machen, frei nach dem Motto: Wer mit dem gegenwärtigen Zustand der EU nicht konform geht, muss fremd beeinflusst sein. Wie irrwitzig zu glauben, dass die serbische Bevölkerung dort sich der russophoben außenpolitischen Doktrin der EU anschließen wird.

Basteln wir bitte nicht weiter an einem Potjomkinschen Dorf und stellen wir unsere Politik auf realistische und glaubwürdige Grundlagen! Akzeptieren wir, dass wir die EU so, wie sie derzeit ist, nicht unbedingt ...

(Der Präsident entzieht dem Redner das Wort.)

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Davor Ivo Stier (PPE). – Poštovani predsjedavajući, kolegice i kolege, Bosni i Hercegovini trebaju mir, sigurnost, europska perspektiva, a ne podjele i podrivanje ustavnog poretka.

Nije vrijeme za podizanje tenzija, već za poštivanje ustava i institucija BiH te rješavanje političkih problema dijalogom. Taj dijalog mora, dakako, biti sadržajan, djelotvoran i s jasnom svrhom poštivanja neovisnosti i suverenosti, teritorijalne cjelovitosti BiH kao države triju jednakopravnih konstitutivnih naroda i svih njenih građana. BiH je kandidat za članstvo u Europskoj uniji i fokus se mora staviti na reforme vezane za europski put, a one kao prioritetno pitanje uključuju i reformu izbornog zakona. Potrebno je otvoriti pregovore, to je ključno za mir i sigurnost. EU, SAD i NATO pokazali su ovih dana da neće dozvoliti destabilizaciju Bosne i Hercegovine.

Očekujemo i od Srbije da odustane od koncepta srpskog svijeta te osudi separatističku politiku koja podriva suverenost i cjelovitost Bosne i Hercegovine.

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Željana Zovko (PPE). – MrPresident, first of all, I would like to say 'hi' to the delegation of parliamentarians from Bosnia and Herzegovina who are watching us. It's quite a shame that we are having this debate so late at night and that there's no interest in Bosnia and Herzegovina, because in Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is no war. There is no incident. But it's a conflict waiting to happen for the past 30 years.

Poštovani predsjedavajući, u ovoj godini, kad obilježavamo 30 godina od potpisivanja ključnog sporazuma za osiguravanje mira, svjedočimo potpunoj nesposobnosti da se osigura njegovo osnovno načelo, a to je ravnopravnost svih konstitutivnih naroda.

Separatističke, ali i unitarne politike i nepoštovanje osnovnih prava svih naroda i građana doveli su do ozbiljne eskalacije o kojoj sada svjedočimo. Jedini način stabilizacije Bosne i Hercegovine je reforma izbornog zakona bez kojeg će Bosna i Hercegovina, nažalost, nastaviti biti tempirana bomba u našem najbližem susjedstvu. Bez osiguranja ustavne zaštite i jednakopravnosti svih konstitutivnih naroda Bosna i Hercegovina će ostati država u krizi, otvoren prostor za vanjske utjecaje, čak i od svih ljudi koji nemaju pojma o čemu govore, koji nemaju nikakvu namjeru osigurati stabilnost, već upravo suprotno. Ovo je veliki propust naše preventivne formacije, a prostor koji smo ostavili popunjavaju Turska i Rusija.

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Reinhold Lopatka (PPE). – Herr Präsident, liebe Kollegen! 30Jahre nach dem Ende des Bosnienkriegs mit 100000 Opfern steht Bosnien und Herzegowina erneut an einem entscheidenden Punkt seiner Geschichte. In einer Zeit, in der das Land Stabilität und gelebte Rechtsstaatlichkeit bräuchte, um Richtung EU zu gehen, wird es von gefährlichen separatistischen Tendenzen zurückgehalten.

Einerseits unternimmt der Hohe Repräsentant Christian Schmidt alles, um seiner Aufgabe bei der Unterstützung der regelbasierten Ordnung nachzukommen; seine Arbeit ist von wesentlicher Bedeutung, um das Dayton-Abkommen umzusetzen. Andererseits untergräbt Milorad Dodik systematisch die staatlichen Institutionen, verweigert die Umsetzung von Entscheidungen des Verfassungsgerichts und droht immer wieder mit der Abspaltung der Republika Srpska.

Bosnien und Herzegowina braucht keine Spaltung, sondern einheitliches Vorgehen. Hier ist auch die EU‑Kommission gefordert: Sie muss klar und unmissverständlich Maßnahmen setzen gegen jene, die ständig gegen dieses Vorgehen verstoßen.

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Hélder Sousa Silva (PPE). – Senhor Presidente, Senhor Comissário, a recente missão da Comissão da Segurança e da Defesa à Bósnia‑Herzegovina, que tive o privilégio de integrar, revelou uma verdade incontornável: o país encontra-se numa encruzilhada perigosa, com elevados desafios internos e inaceitáveis pressões externas que ameaçam a sua estabilidade.

As forças desestabilizadoras, alimentadas por narrativas nacionalistas e separatistas, são impulsionadas por potências que pretendem afastar a Bósnia‑Herzegovina do seu caminho europeu.

Perante esta realidade, a União Europeia não pode hesitar. Precisamos de diálogo e precisamos de reforçar a nossa presença política e económica e de apoiar as reformas estruturais, para garantir que o país convirja rapidamente com os requisitos da União Europeia e não recue no seu processo de adesão.

A história da Bósnia está intrinsecamente ligada à segurança dos Balcãs, que, por sua vez, está ligada à segurança da nossa Europa. Não fechemos os olhos.

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Karlo Ressler (PPE). – Poštovani predsjedavajući, nema neke druge države koja je hrvatskom narodu bliža od Bosne i Hercegovine.

Stoga boli vidjeti da je tri desetljeća od Daytona, tri desetljeća od Srebrenice, tri desetljeća od zajedničke pobjede nad velikosrpskim zločinačkim projektom BiH u najdubljoj političkoj i sigurnosnoj krizi. Oni koji se danas neodgovorno poigravaju s krhkim mirom, sada i s početkom nekakvih ustavnih promjena vode zemlju prema opasnom rubu.

Međutim, kriza koja je nastala nije se dogodila preko noći. Godinama se razgrađuje jedinstvena formula jedne države, dva entiteta, ali i tri konstitutivna naroda i to s različitih strana. Međutim, teško da ima, malignijeg utjecaja od koncepta takozvanog srpskog svijeta koji negira suverenitet i integritet svojih susjeda, često i uz hibridno djelovanje, uz dezinformacije i uz krivotvorenje povijesti. U ovim prijelomnim trenucima ključno je smiriti tenzije, ali i biti spreman na sve scenarije.

Europa ne smije i ne može stajati po strani.

Brīvais mikrofons

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Tomislav Sokol (PPE). – Poštovani predsjedavajući, dok jedni u BiH gledaju prema Moskvi i Beogradu, a drugi prema Ankari, Hrvati dosljedno zagovaraju europske vrijednosti poput demokracije i jednakopravnosti.

Danas se često govori o opasnosti od separatizma, a manje o drugom problemu u BiH, a to je unitarizam. Pokušaji da se BiH centralizira i podredi volji Sarajeva razaraju njezinu unutarnju stabilnost i negiraju temeljno načelo na kojem počiva, a to je konstitutivnost triju naroda.

Ono što u velikoj mjeri doprinijelo današnjoj situaciji jesu pogrešne politike Zapada iz prošlosti koje su godinama poticale unitarističke ambicije, mada upravo to najviše destabilizira BiH. Umjesto da podrže pravedan i održiv model konsocijacije, često su podržavali rješenja koja vode k dominaciji jednog naroda, a time i nestabilnosti. Sjetimo se samo Berija i Petrića. Zato je danas ključno inzistirati na poštivanju Daytonskog sporazuma i prava svih konstitutivnih naroda na legitimne predstavnike, što uključuje pravo Hrvata da napokon sami izaberu svojeg člana predsjedništva države.

Stabilna BiH može postojati samo ako se poštuje konstitutivnost naroda i u tome Hrvati ostaju ključni nositelji europske perspektive i istinski partneri EU-a.

(Brīvā mikrofona uzstāšanos beigas.)

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Christophe Hansen, Member of the Commission. – MrPresident, honourable Members, many thanks for this debate. The Commission remains unequivocally committed to Bosnia and Herzegovina's EU accession perspective as a single, united and sovereign country. The sovereignty, territorial integrity and constitutional order of Bosnia and Herzegovina must be respected.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has the historic opportunity to open EU accession negotiations. Its citizens want a European future, and it is the responsibility of political actors to make it a reality. We urge all political actors to renew the focus on progressing on the EU path with resolute action to take the relevant steps.

The EU path brings multiple benefits for the country's citizens. Bosnia and Herzegovina is key for the Western Balkans, whose future is in the European Union. EU accession is the agenda with real gains and real benefits for everyone. It is the agenda that brings prosperity, stability and peace. And it is the agenda which we need to work together on.

The Commission will continue supporting Bosnia and Herzegovina in this endeavour with all its instruments. We continue to follow developments very closely, including the possibility of Republika Srpska adopting a new constitution for the entity.

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President. – Thank you very much, Commissioner, and thank you very much to the delegation for being with us so late tonight.

The debate is closed.

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