Przewodnicząca. – Kolejnym punktem porządku dziennego jest debata nad sześcioma projektami rezolucji w sprawie ostatnich ataków na kobiety i obrońców praw kobiet oraz arbitralnych zatrzymań europejskich obywateli w Iranie ()1.
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¹ Patrz protokół posiedzenia.
David Lega, author. – Madam President, Commissioner, yet again, we address the dire human rights situation in Iran. Johan Floderus, a Swedish citizen and EU official, remains captive to the regime’s twisted hostage diplomacy. So too does Swedish citizen Ahmadreza Djalali. Yet again, we demand their immediate release and, yet again, we condemn the regime’s unabating brutality.
In September last year, 22-year-old Jina Mahsa Amini was murdered for the ‘crime’ of showing her hair. More than 500 were then killed in crackdowns. In July, I nominated Jina Mahsa Amini and the Women Life Freedom movement for the Sakharov Prize of 2023. Two months ago, I called for a debate to echo that movement’s message of dignity and opportunity, fullness and fairness, and hope. Now, yet again, I have called for this debate and put forward an urgency resolution because critically, the fight for women and freedom and even for life itself continues in Iran. In October, 16-year-old Armita Geravand was beaten to death for resisting the regime’s diktat forcing hijabs. At a funeral, 2012 Sakharov winner Nasrin Sotoudeh was beaten and jailed. Women human rights defenders, opponents, are being locked up when peacefully exercising their fundamental rights, and this House demands their immediate release.
No more discrimination against women, no more hostage diplomacy. Designate the IRGC as a terrorist organisation. No more shielding Iran’s leaders from accountability. If the mullahs don’t stop, we will keep standing here. We will keep taking action and we will keep the pressure on again, and yet again.
Isabel Santos, Autora. – Senhora Presidente, as mulheres no Irão continuam a arriscar a sua vida ao lutar por direitos. Armita Geravand, que morreu aos 16 anos por não usar o hijab, é um exemplo disso.
Nasrin Sotoudeh, ativista vencedora do Prémio Sakharov, entretanto libertada, foi detida no funeral de Armita. Não usava o hijab.
Narges Mohammadi, Prémio Nobel da Paz, está presa e sem cuidados médicos por se recusar a usar o hijab no transporte entre a prisão e o hospital.
Este ano entregaremos o Prémio Sakharov a Maasa Jina Amini e ao movimento Mulher, Vida, Liberdade, um gesto contra a intolerável opressão e desumanização das mulheres iranianas.
Exigimos aqui a libertação de todas as vítimas de detenções arbitrárias no Irão, inclusive de cidadãos europeus, como Johan Floderus. Condenamos a prática de tortura e pena de morte. Pedimos aos Estados-Membros o julgamento, ao abrigo da lei internacional, dos responsáveis por estes crimes. Apelamos à designação da guarda de costumes como organização terrorista e ao alargamento do quadro de sanções a Ali Khamenei e aos seus sequazes.
Abir Al-Sahlani, author. – Colleagues, it has been more than one year since I cut my hair here in this very Plenary in protest, where the EU did not show the same courage as the Iranian women who were shouting on the streets on the top of their lungs, ‘Woman, life, freedom.’
(The speaker used a slogan in a non-EU language.)
Still to this very day, the regime of the mullahs in Tehran are still arresting, arbitrarilydetaining, executing everyone who stands against their oppression. The last known victim is 16-year-old Armita, a young girl who took her last breath while in coma after being beaten by the morality police. At her funeral, the human rights advocate Nasrin Sotoudeh was arrested – alongside with her sister in the fight, Nobel Prize laureate Narges Mohammadi – and it has not stopped there at all. It also is holding EU citizens as hostages. The latest known victim that we know is the Swedish citizen Johan Floderus.
We, the European Ϸվ demand to list the IRGC on the EU terrorist list. We demand the unconditional release of all arbitrary detainees, women’s rights defenders and all EU citizens, like Johan Floderus, and we demand to stop all executions in Iran.
Jakop G. Dalunde, öڲٳٲ. – Fru talman! Mer än ett år har gått sedan Jina Mahsa Amini dog i ett iranskt polisförvar. Samtidigt fortsätter Irans kvinnor och flickor att protestera mot det iranska förtrycket. Tidigare i oktober åkte den 16-åriga Armita Geravand tunnelbana och protesterade mot slöjkravet och misshandlades och dog sedan på sjukhuset. Detta är fruktansvärt.
Vid begravningen kom Sacharovpristagaren Nasrin Sotoudeh dit för att manifestera sitt stöd – och fängslades. Detta kan inte få fortgå. EU måste sätta mer press på Iran. Sluta förtrycka kvinnor och frita alla som kämpar för mänskliga rättigheter.
Anna Fotyga, author. – Madam President, I pay tribute to all victims of Iranian mullahs. In June 2023, the Human Rights Council acknowledged the heavy deterioration of the human rights situation in Iran. In October 2023, the President of the UN Human Rights Council appointed Iran as the chair of UN Human Rights Council Social Forum. This decision was defended by the High Representative / Vice President of the Commission.
Are our statements here just rituals? We demand consistency in our policy vis-a-vis Iran, in particular, with regard to the defence of human rights there, including the rights of EU citizens arbitrarily detained.
Cornelia Ernst, Verfasserin. – Frau Präsidentin! Ich traf Nasrin Sotoudeh 2013 in Teheran. Eine warmherzige, entschlossene Frau, Anwältin, Menschenrechtsaktivistin. Schaut man in ihre Vita, kann man es eigentlich nicht fassen: Nach dem Jurastudium 1995 verwehrte man ihr acht Jahre lang die Zulassung. Als sie sie hatte, verteidigte sie Frauen, die gegen das Kopftuch protestierten, Oppositionelle, Dissidenten, Journalisten, religiöse Minderheiten. 2010 wurde sie verhaftet, 2013 unter dem internationalen Druck wieder entlassen; fünf Jahre später wieder verhaftet, 2019 verurteilt– in Abwesenheit, ohne ihrWissen – zu 33 Jahren und 148 Peitschenhieben.
Gefängnis, Hungerstreik, Krankheit, Hafturlaub, Gefängnis. Ihr Leben symbolisiert die schweren Kämpfe für Freiheit, Demokratie und Selbstbestimmung im Iran und gibt Kraft all denen, die jetzt in den Gefängnissen sind – viele, viele Doppelstaatler im Übrigen, wie Jamshid, Sharmahd und viele, viele, deren Namen wir gar nicht kennen.
An all diese Menschen richten wir unsere Botschaft: Wir hören euch, wir stehen an eurer Seite, wir werden niemals aufhören, euer Leben und eure Kämpfe zu verteidigen, und auch noch so viele Sittenwächter vermögen es nicht, diesen euren Widerstand zu ersticken. Denn die Uhren ticken längst anders. Irans Zukunft sind die Frauen. Women, Life, Freedom.
Lukas Mandl, im Namen der PPE-Fraktion. – Frau Präsidentin, Frau Kommissarin, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen! Gesellschaftspolitisch hat Prohibition nie funktioniert, und geopolitisch hat Appeasement nie funktioniert. Das jüngste große Beispiel dafür ist der sogenannte Atomdeal– das JCPOA-Abkommen.
Mit dem iranischen Regime ist so ein Abkommen nicht zu machen, weil sich das iranische Regime nicht an Abkommen hält. Das iranische Regime ist damit eine Bedrohung für den Frieden und die Sicherheit auf dieser Welt. Das iranische Regime ist besonders eine Bedrohung für uns Europäerinnen und Europäer, weil dieses Regime Putin-Russland beim Angriffskrieg gegen Europa mit hybriden Mitteln gegen die Ukraine mit militärischen Mitteln unterstützt und damit einer der wenigen verbliebenen Unterstützer von Putin-Russland in diesem langwierigen Krieg letztlich gegen unsere Zivilisation ist.
Das iranische Regime ist eine Sicherheitsbedrohung für die Region und fördert den Antisemitismus und islamistischen Terrorismus weltweit. Und das iranische Regime ist eine Bedrohung für die eigenen Bürgerinnen und Bürger und dort wieder ganz besonders für die Frauen, die unterdrückt werden, die gegängelt werden, die kein freies Leben haben, die weit entfernt sind von jeder Form von Gleichberechtigung. Und das wird vom Regime nicht nur gutgeheißen, sondern auch noch der ganzen Welt mit aller repressiven Gewalt präsentiert.
Wir lassen das nicht zu. Wir machen Sanktionen, wir debattieren das auch mitten in der Nacht im Europäischen Parlament, weil Europa nicht schläft, wenn Menschenrechte derartig verletzt werden.
Anna Bonfrisco, a nome del gruppo ID. – Signora Presidente, signora Commissaria, onorevoli colleghi, sappiamo tutti quali passi deve compiere l'Unione europea per stare dalla parte giusta della storia, dalla parte di donne e ragazze, in Iran, assassinate, torturate, abusate, imprigionate e oppresse.
Inserire le guardie islamiche della rivoluzione iraniana nella lista europea delle organizzazioni terroristiche, come già fatto dagli Stati Uniti. Isolare il regime dalla comunità internazionale. È proprio su questo punto che l'Europa ha fallito, poiché non ha agito per impedire che l'Iran assumesse la presidenza del Forum delle Nazioni Unite per i diritti umani. Sembra quasi uno scherzo.
Il Parlamento europeo, pertanto, deve tornare ad essere il megafono di donne e ragazze in Iran. Per questo motivo vi domando di sostenere un'azione simbolica e chiedere che il 25 novembre, una data così importante per tutte le donne del mondo, le foto dei membri del Parlamento europeo sul sito della nostra Istituzione siano sostituite dal volto di Mahsa Amini.
Noi siamo Mahsa Amini. Noi siamo Armita Garawand, noi siamo Nasrin Sotoudeh. Noi siamo la voce di donne e ragazze iraniane che hanno deciso di togliersi il velo per mostrare al mondo il loro volto, ovvero il volto di verità, dignità e giustizia. Women. Life. Freedom.
Emmanuel Maurel, au nom du groupe The Left. – Madame la Présidente, répétons inlassablement leur nom: Mahsa Amini, 22ans, et Armita Geravand, seize ans. La police des mœurs du gouvernement iranien les a tuées parce qu’elles ne voulaient plus porter le voile. Quant à Narges Mohammadi, lauréate du prix Nobel de la Paix, et Nasrin Sotoudeh, lauréate du prix Sakharov, elles croupissent toujours en prison dans des conditions de vie indignes.
Après l’échec de l’accord de Vienne sur le nucléaire iranien qui avait été provoqué notamment par Trump, les mollahs et les sinistres gardiens de la révolution ont déchaîné une répression aveugle contre leur propre peuple, tuant plus de 500 manifestants et en exécutant des dizaines d’autres.
Aujourd’hui, pourtant, les femmes osent sortir sans voile. Elles ne flanchent pas. Elles submergent la police des mœurs par leur détermination et par leur nombre. Et l’Europe doit dire qu’elle est à leurs côtés. Elle doit soutenir les sanctions contre les dirigeants iraniens. Elle doit évidemment demander l’arrêt immédiat des exécutions. Elle doit aussi, et nous le ferons le mois prochain, soutenir les femmes iraniennes en leur décernant le prix Sakharov, qui sera un des meilleurs symboles de cette fin d’année.
Fabio Massimo Castaldo (NI). – Signora Presidente, signora Commissaria, onorevoli colleghi, l'approvazione della legge sulla promozione della castità e dell'hijab rappresenta un altro tentativo del regime di smantellare completamente la libertà di scelta delle donne iraniane. È fondamentale che la nostra Unione si esprima pubblicamente, con fermezza, senza mezzi termini, contro una legge che non ha nulla a che vedere con le tradizioni e la cultura di un popolo ricchissimo di storia come quello iraniano.
Tra meno di un mese consegneremo il premio Sacharov alla memoria di Mahsa Amini e al movimento "Donna, vita, libertà". È un gesto importante, un gesto che dimostra la nostra vicinanza alle donne iraniane nella loro battaglia quotidiana. Ma non basta perché non basta una semplice cerimonia di consegna se poi lasciamo sole le migliaia di attivisti e di attivisti che compongono questo movimento. Nasrin Sotoudeh ha già pagato sulla sua pelle il prezzo del suo coraggio.
Occorre istituire immediatamente una task force europea che supporti le attività quotidiane delle migliaia di difensori dei diritti umani nel mondo ed è un dovere morale dare pieno appoggio, sostegno e protezione a coloro che si sono distinti per merito vedendosi attribuito il premio Sacharov.
Servono sanzioni individuali verso i responsabili del regime. Servono ancora, ovviamente, misure di sostegno contro le persecuzioni che la diaspora iraniana subisce ogni giorno in Europa. O scegliamo di stare dalla loro parte, oppure anche questo premio verrà svilito fino a diventare una targa svuotata di ogni significato.
Ivan Štefanec (PPE). – Madam President, dear colleagues, the current Iranian Government has not only ignored the voices of change but has intensified its crackdown, detaining numerous activists and exerting oppressive force against peaceful dissent.
The tragic case of Armita, a schoolgirl of only 16 years old who has been in a coma since 1 October, following a confrontation with metro officers over mandatory hijab regulations, is a really horrible reminder of the grim reality in Iran nowadays.
Such incidents are intolerable in the 21st century and must not go unaddressed. Therefore, I really urge the European Commission to intervene without delay, calling also on President Raisi to cease the suppression of protesters and release political prisoners. Failure to do so may lead to the imposition of targeted punitive measures on those responsible. Together, let us stand in solidarity with the Iranian people and reaffirm our unwavering commitment to the principles of freedom, dignity and human rights.
Delara Burkhardt (S&D). – Frau Präsidentin, liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen! Der monatelang inhaftierte Rapper Toomadsch Salehi ist auf Kaution frei. Die Nachricht, die uns dieses Wochenende erreicht hat, zeigt: Öffentlicher Druck wirkt. Laut sein macht einen Unterschied.
Hinter den oft anonymen Zahlen und Berichten über inhaftierte politische Gefangene stehen Menschen. Menschen und ihre Geschichten über Mut und Widerstand. Mut und Widerstand, den das iranische Regime brechen will. In Isolationshaft mit Folter. Der inhaftierte Rapper Saman Yasin schreibt in Briefen sogar von Scheinhinrichtungen.
Die psychische und physische Gewalt dieses Regimes ist grauenhaft. Es sind Methoden eines Regimes, das nichts mehr hat als diese Gewalt. Es bricht mir das Herz, zu sehen, wie währenddessen in der Diaspora die Fronten sich verhärten, man immer mehr das Trennende sucht, anstatt es gerade jetzt auf die Solidarität, auf den Zusammenhalt ankommen zu lassen –für Saman, für Jamshid, für Arash, für Nahid, für alle politischen Geiseln, für einen freien Iran. Für Frauen, Leben, Freiheit.
Ivan David (ID). – Paní předsedající, orgány Evropské unie často prosazují zásady, jejichž uplatňování samy aktivně brání. Nelze izolovat Írán a současně bránit důsledkům jeho izolace. Ve zprávě Amnesty International jsou sice popsány formy potlačování práv íránských žen na nezahalenou tvář a osobní svobodu, ale současně je kritizována Francie za to, že zahalování potlačuje. Francie jedná správně, protože zahalování je ženám vnuceno výchovou a sankcemi v islámské komunitě. Ženy většinou nechtějí být neviditelné. V celé zprávě Amnesty International ani jednou nezaznělo klíčové slovo islám. To proto, že je kritizován v islámských zemích a současně přiváděn do Evropy. Západu by slušelo více sebereflexe a méně pokrytectví a pocitu nadřazenosti.
Michaela Šojdrová (PPE). – Madam President, dear colleagues, Madam Commissioner, the tragic deaths of Armita Geravand and Jina Mahsa Amini spotlight Iran’s brutal treatment of women.
Women and girls are being punished by the hands of morality police for wearing or not wearing a piece of clothing. The regime relentlessly strips away their rights, even targeting people like Sakharov and Nobel laureates. We strongly condemn Iran’s practice of arbitrary detention, police violence, torture, death sentences and executions. Iranian authorities must immediately end all discriminatory measures and withdraw the oppressive bill.
Iran must immediately release political prisoners, including European citizens. Johan Floderus, a Swedish citizen and EU official, has been held under heavy conditions in the notorious Evin prison for more than 580 days now. This must stop and we need to get him home.
We call for criminal investigation into the crimes committed by Iranian authorities and sanction those responsible for human rights violations. In the face of this grave human rights violation, we must unite our voices in this call again and again.
Gianantonio Da Re (ID). – Signora Presidente, onorevoli colleghi, è trascorso ormai più di un anno dalla morte di Mahsa Amini, la giovane donna iraniana di origine curda che la cosiddetta "polizia morale" dell'Iran aveva arrestato per non aver rispettato l'obbligo di indossare il velo. Da allora le donne iraniane hanno dato vita a una delle più grandi proteste contro il regime iraniano, che ad oggi ha causato almeno 500 morti e 20000 arresti.
Tra le persone arrestate ci sarebbero anche dei cittadini europei, tra cui due italiani, che il regime iraniano ritiene colpevoli di essere stati coinvolti o di essere stati nei luoghi delle manifestazioni a ricordo di Mahsa Amini.
L'Unione europea condanni fermamente il regime iraniano e non scenda a compromessi con chi si rende colpevole di gravi violazioni dei diritti umani: l'Europa, culla della democrazia e dei principi inviolabili dell'uomo, sia a fianco e supporti il popolo iraniano senza alcun indugio.
Przewodnicząca. – W ramach procedury „Catch-the-Eye” zgłosił się tylko jeden poseł, pan Jiří Pospíšil. Bardzo proszę. Jedna minuta.
Jiří Pospíšil (PPE). – Paní předsedající, já chci poděkovat kolegům, kteří připravili tuto rezoluci, ale chci upozornit na to, že téma lidská práva a Írán zde probíráme na plénu pravidelně. Zvláště v minulém volebním období zde byla často debata o tom, zda je možné s Íránem uzavřít nějakou smlouvu a spolupracovat. Jedná se o smlouvu o atomovém výzkumu – jadernou dohodu. Ta situace jasně ukazuje, my jsme to tehdy říkali, že s íránským režimem není možné uzavírat žádné smlouvy. On žádné smlouvy nechce dodržovat. Je to země, kde je nejvíce poprav na světě vedle Číny. Je to země, která nerespektuje lidská práva. Její státní a justiční systém absolutně nefunguje, nefunguje na základě zákonů a nestranných pravidel. Tedy jsem velmi skeptický k tomu, že s Íránem do budoucna bude možné nějakým způsobem spolupracovat a ty případy, které zde dnes popisujeme, to pouze ukazují.
Przewodnicząca. – Dziękuję bardzo, panie pośle. W imieniu Komisji głos zabierze wiceprzewodnicząca Komisji, pani komisarz Dubravka Šuica.
Dubravka Šuica,Vice-President of the Commission. – Madam President, honourable Members of the European Ϸվ, this year’s Sakharov Prize shows the European full support for human rights and the respect, protection and fulfilment of fundamental freedoms, in Iran and elsewhere.
We were all impressed and moved by the extraordinary courage of women and men in Iran following Mahsa Amini’s death in September last year. The decision of the Nobel Committee to award the Peace Prize to Narges Mohammadi also demonstrates how crucial the role of civil society is for peace and democracy. The world wants to see her free and not going on yet another hunger strike to improve her situation.
The European Union is concerned about the continued progressive deterioration of human rights in Iran. Repression and intimidation continue in a deplorable way, particularly against women. We are also concerned about the current pace of executions in the country, with at least 550 individuals executed since January, according to unofficial estimates.
We have reacted decisively to the violent crackdown on protests over the past year, including through ten rounds of sanctions. We continue to raise human rights violations, executions as well as individual cases in every diplomatic opportunity with the Iranian authorities, such as the very disturbing death of 16-year-old Armita Geravand.
Regarding the arbitrary detention of several European citizens in Iran, our position is very clear. As outlined in the Council conclusions of December 2022 and the statement of the High Representative on behalf of the European Union in February this year, we strongly reject this unlawful practice and call upon Iran to end it immediately.
We must keep our critical engagement with Iran in order to be able to work for the release of all European citizens in coordination with the Member States concerned, so we must keep diplomatic channels open. European Member States have the primary consular responsibility for these cases. That is why we have strengthened our coordination. The High Representative and his team are using every opportunity to express to the Iranian authorities our firmest disapproval of these distressing, unlawful and unacceptable that detentions, including the illegal detention of our dear colleague Johan Floderus, for whom we have, of course, a different responsibility, as he is a European Union employee. We will continue to work relentlessly for the freedom of all unjustly detained European citizens in Iran.
Przewodnicząca. – Zamykam debatę.
Głosowanie odbędzie się w czwartek 23 listopada 2023 r.