Dokumenter - Think Tank - Europa-Parlamentet

EU-faktablade - Politikken for finansielle tjenesteydelser - 10-06-2024

Sun, 30 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

Finansielle tjenesteydelser er en afgørende del af EU's bestræbelser på at gennemføre det indre marked under den frie bevægelighed for tjenesteydelser og kapital. Der er blevet gjort fremskridt i faser: 1) fjernelse af nationale adgangsbarrierer (1957-1973), 2) Harmonisering af nationale love og politikker (1973-1983), 3) gennemførelse af det indre marked (1983-1992), 4) Oprettelse af det fælles valutaområde (1993-2007) og 5) den globale finanskrise og reformen efter krisen (fra 2007 og frem).

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EU-faktablade - Det Europæiske Finanstilsynssystem (ESFS) - 31-05-2024

Sun, 16 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

Det Europæiske Finanstilsynssystem er et system med flere niveauer af mikro- og makrotilsynsmyndigheder, som har til formål at sikre konsekvent og sammenhængende finansielt tilsyn i EU. Det omfatter Det Europæiske Udvalg for Systemiske Risici, de tre europæiske tilsynsmyndigheder (EBA, ESMA og EIOPA) og de nationale tilsynsmyndigheder. Den Europæiske Centralbank er inden for rammerne af den fælles tilsynsmekanisme (FTM) banktilsynsmyndigheden for de største banker.

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EU-faktablade - Den Økonomiske og Monetære Unions udvikling - 31-05-2024

Thu, 19 Apr 2018 09:59:02 GMT

Den Økonomiske og Monetære Union (ØMU'en) er resultatet af en økonomisk integration i EU. Der er blevet indført en fælles valuta, euroen, i euroområdet, som på nuværende tidspunkt består af 20 EU-medlemsstater. Alle EU-medlemsstater — med undtagelse af Danmark — skal indføre euroen, når de opfylder konvergenskriterierne. En fælles monetær politik fastsættes af Eurosystemet, som omfatter Den Europæiske Centralbanks direktion og centralbankcheferne i euroområdet.

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EU-faktablade - Frie kapitalbevægelser - 31-05-2024

Sun, 16 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

Den frie bevægelighed for kapital er en af de fire grundlæggende frihedsrettigheder i EU's indre marked. Denne rettighed er ikke bare den senest tilkomne, men også – på grund af dens unikke tredjelandsaspekt – den mest vidtrækkende. Liberaliseringen af kapitalstrømmene har udviklet sig gradvist. Restriktioner for kapitalbevægelser og betalinger, både indbyrdes mellem medlemsstaterne og i forhold til tredjelande (dvs. lande, der ikke er medlem af EU), har været forbudt siden begyndelsen af 2004 som følge af Maastrichttraktaten, selv om der kan forekomme undtagelser.

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EU-faktablade - Konkurrencepolitik - 31-05-2024

Wed, 12 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

EU's konkurrenceregler har som hovedmål at sikre et velfungerende indre marked i EU. Traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde (TEUF) har til formål at forhindre konkurrencebegrænsninger og -fordrejninger såsom misbrug af dominerende stillinger, konkurrencebegrænsende aftaler og fusioner og overtagelser, hvis de mindsker konkurrencen. Desuden er det forbudt at yde statsstøtte, hvis det fordrejer konkurrencen, selv om det dog kan godkendes i særlige tilfælde.

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EU-faktablade - Den Europæiske Investeringsbank - 30-05-2024

Mon, 26 Mar 2018 12:06:31 GMT

Den Europæiske Investeringsbank (EIB) tilbyder langsigtet finansiering af projekter, garantier og rådgivning med henblik på at fremme EU's mål. Den støtter projekter både i og uden for EU. Dens aktionærer er EU's medlemsstater. EIB er hovedaktionæren i Den Europæiske Investeringsfond (EIF), og de to organisationer udgør sammen EIB-Gruppen.

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Indgående analyse - EU’s response to the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) - 02-06-2023

Sun, 04 Jun 2023 22:00:00 GMT

Although the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) pursues a range of aims, the two main ones are the lowering of inflation by removing purchasing power from the US economy, and to provide the United State's contribution to fighting climate change. Unlike similar EU measures, most of its climate support is done via tax subsidies. Although hailed in the EU for heralding a new era in US climate policy, the IRA is being criticised for its outright 'Buy American' provisions. Amongst others, it is feared that EU exports to the US will be hampered, and that EU firms might be enticed to relocate to the US. So far, the EU has reacted by adapting its State aid rules and the legislative proposals of the Green Deal Industrial Plan, but it also relies upon the Recovery and Resilience Facility's dedicated climate subsidies to offset the IRA's effects on the EU economy. Further possible EU responses are currently discussed.

Kilde : © Den Europæiske Union, 2023 - EP

Oversigt - European Banks’ Response to COVID-19 “Quick Fix” Regulation and Other Measures - 31-10-2021

Mon, 18 Oct 2021 22:00:00 GMT

The original full study presents data from 27 banking groups in 10 EU Member States, where it is found that banks have used COVID-19 relief measures extensively, with some cross-country differences as for the intensity of use. Flexibility in risk classification does not seem to have impaired banks’ ability to report and recognise risk properly, even for loans under moratoria. The findings suggest that the impact of the measures on banks’ credit supply has been overall positive and mainly driven by capital-enhancing measures such as the “Quick fix”.

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Studie - European Banks’ Response to COVID-19 “Quick Fix” Regulation and Other Measures - 30-09-2021

Thu, 14 Oct 2021 22:00:00 GMT

Indgående analyse - Introduction to the European Semester: Coordinating and monitoring economic and fiscal policies in the EU - 11-12-2019

Tue, 10 Dec 2019 23:00:00 GMT

The European Semester is a framework for the coordination of economic policies across the European Union that was established after the European sovereign debt crisis. This paper aims to provide a simple but comprehensive introduction, explaining the main steps of the Semester from November to July each year. It also provides a short review of the academic and institutional debates around the Semester, before closing with the priorities in the relevant areas identified by the new European Commission President, Ursula von der Leyen.

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Studie - Linking cohesion policy and the European Semester: Partnership and multi-level governance to boost investment and structural reforms - 06-12-2019

Fri, 06 Dec 2019 12:27:30 GMT

Multi-level governance requires the involvement of all levels of government, central, regional and local, in decision-making. Obstacles to appropriate and adequate involvement may lead to infringements of the principles of subsidiarity. However, under the cycle of EU economic and fiscal policy coordination known as the European Semester, local and regional administrations are considered to be 'stakeholders' – that is, they are not categorised as part of general government. Recent extension of the European Semester to aspects of cohesion policy may consequently strengthen a top-down policy approach. A Code of Conduct, such as that proposed by the European Committee of the Regions, may help correct this imbalance.

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Oversigt - Appointment of Christine Lagarde as president of the European Central Bank - 13-09-2019

Fri, 13 Sep 2019 08:35:56 GMT

During its September 2019 plenary sitting, the European �Ϸ��վ is expected to vote on a resolution on the candidate (Christine Lagarde) for president of the European Central Bank (ECB). While it is the European Council that appoints the ECB president, it must first consult �Ϸ��վ. �Ϸ��վ's Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee (ECON) held a hearing with Christine Lagarde in September 2019 and then voted favourably on the candidacy. The ECB president is a key figure within the Eurosystem when setting monetary policy for the euro area.

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Oversigt - Appointment of the President of the ECB - 24-07-2019

Wed, 24 Jul 2019 15:47:53 GMT

During the September 2019 plenary sitting, the European �Ϸ��վ is expected to vote on a resolution on the candidate (Christine Lagarde) for the position of President of the European Central Bank (ECB), to succeed Mario Draghi, whose term is due to end on 1 November 2019. The President is appointed by the European Council, while �Ϸ��վ and the Bank’s Governing Council are consulted. Prior to the vote, the candidate will receive a series of questions for written answer, and be invited to a hearing before the Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee (ECON). The ECB President is a key figure within the Eurosystem when setting monetary policy for the euro area.

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Oversigt - Establishment of the European Monetary Fund - 06-03-2019

Wed, 06 Mar 2019 16:55:19 GMT

On 6 December 2017, the European Commission made a proposal to transform the intergovernmental European Stability Mechanism (ESM) into a European Monetary Fund (EMF) under EU law. It would get additional prerogatives, and the decision-making mechanisms would be fundamentally altered, shifting power away from the Member States. The proposal has met considerable resistance at Council level, and at the December 2018 Euro Summit it was decided to maintain the ESM's intergovernmental character. �Ϸ��վ is expected to vote on an interim report during the March I plenary session, with a view to its future consent vote on the proposal – should the Council reach agreement on it.

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Briefing - Establishment of a European monetary fund (EMF) - 06-03-2019

Tue, 05 Mar 2019 23:00:00 GMT

The European Commission's proposal for transforming the intergovernmental European Stability Mechanism (ESM) into a European monetary fund (EMF) under EU law would provide it with wide-ranging tasks. The ESM was created at the height of the European sovereign debt crisis in order to provide financial assistance for governments that had lost, or were about to lose, access to financial markets. It was established outside the Community framework by an intergovernmental treaty and is a permanent rescue mechanism aimed at safeguarding the financial stability of the euro area. The proposal met with considerable opposition at Council level, as the Council wishes to maintain the ESM's intergovernmental character, and would expand its remit only slightly. �Ϸ��վ, whose legislative powers are limited within the consent procedure, will vote on an interim report in plenary.

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Briefing - European Investment Stabilisation Function (EISF) - 10-01-2019

Wed, 09 Jan 2019 23:00:00 GMT

The idea behind the Commission's proposed European Investment Stabilisation Function is to use dedicated financial means from the EU budget to help Member States stabilise their economies in the event of a major asymmetric shock. The Commission would borrow on the financial markets and then lend to the country concerned, which would use the money to finance public investment. Once the crisis was over, the Member State would reimburse the debt. The Commission hopes the other Member States would agree to subsidise the interest payments incurred. The function would be limited to euro-area countries, but those that have entered the exchange rate mechanism II (ERM II) might also benefit. The lending would be quasi automatic once statistical data showed an exceptional and steep rise in unemployment. The dossier has met with considerable opposition at Council level.

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Briefing - Single digital gateway - 19-12-2018

Tue, 18 Dec 2018 23:00:00 GMT

As part of the ‘compliance package’, the Commission intends to provide a single digital entry point to offer easy and efficient online access for businesses and citizens, comprising: (1) information about Union and national law and administrative requirements, (2) procedures, such as company registration, and (3) services providing assistance upon request. The portal would serve start-ups and growing companies, as well as helping companies conducting business in another country. Access to these services would be non-discriminatory, i.e. citizens and businesses from other Member States would have full access to the information and services, and this not only in the language used in the country in which they want to do business. The proposal builds on several existing schemes, such as single points of entry at national level; these cover only a few fields, are not always interconnected, suffer from being little known and are therefore underutilised. In May 2018, trilogues concluded with a provisional agreement, which was then confirmed by both �Ϸ��վ and Council. The final act was signed on 2 October 2018.

Kilde : © Den Europæiske Union, 2018 - EP

Briefing - European defence industrial development programme (EDIDP) - 28-09-2018

Thu, 27 Sep 2018 22:00:00 GMT

The European Union is facing new security threats amid growing uncertainty about the reliability of some of its allies. As a consequence, it has embarked on a general scalingup of its defence capabilities. A European defence action plan has been agreed and a European Defence Fund created to provide financial support, ranging from the research phase to the acquisition phase of military equipment and technologies. The EDIDP, which will be part of that fund, is destined to provide the European defence industry with financial support during the development phase of new products and technologies in areas selected at European level. An agreement was reached in trilogue negotiations in May 2018, and after �Ϸ��վ and Council had approved the deal, the final legislative act was signed on 18 July 2018. This programme, with a financial envelope of €500 million, is due to run from January 2019 to December 2020.

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Oversigt - Single Digital Gateway - 05-09-2018

Tue, 04 Sep 2018 22:00:00 GMT

During the September 2018 plenary, the European �Ϸ��վ is expected to vote on a legislative proposal creating the Single Digital Gateway. The aim is to establish a single digital entry point for EU citizens and businesses, giving access to a host of information, offering total and non-discriminatory use of online procedures, and facilitating the work of services providing assistance upon request.

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Oversigt - European defence industrial development programme (EDIDP) - 27-06-2018

Wed, 27 Jun 2018 12:41:18 GMT

In an environment of increasing security threats and diminishing reliability of some of its key traditional allies the European Union decided it was time to increase its own military capabilities. A European Defence Fund (EDF) was created, of which a new European defence industrial development programme (EDIDP) would be part. During its July 2018 plenary the European �Ϸ��վ is expected to vote at first reading on the proposal to create the EDIDP. The programme is destined to provide financial support during the development phase of new products and technologies, i.e. the phase that follows research and precedes the acquisition of defence systems.

Kilde : © Den Europæiske Union, 2018 - EP

Briefing - WIFI4EU - Promotion of internet connectivity in local communities - 10-11-2017

Thu, 09 Nov 2017 23:00:00 GMT

On 12 September 2017, the European �Ϸ��վ voted to adopt a legislative act that aims at the promotion of very fast wireless internet access in local communities. This service will be provided free of charge to the public at large. The areas covered will encompass public administrations, libraries and hospitals, as well as outdoor spaces accessible to all. The aim is to increase accessibility to high-performance mobile internet, and to raise awareness of the benefits of such connectivity. Administrative procedures will be simplified and EU funds will be used to provide financial support to the establishment of such networks. This action comes within the framework of the digital single market, and is one of several legislative proposals announced on 14 September 2016 by the Commission, with its communication, ‘Connectivity for a competitive digital single market – Towards a European gigabit society’.

Kilde : © Den Europæiske Union, 2017 - EP

Briefing - Reflection paper on harnessing globalisation - 08-09-2017

Fri, 08 Sep 2017 13:20:23 GMT

Globalisation is nothing new; it is centuries old and has always contributed significantly to boosting growth and creating employment. It goes beyond the mere circulation of commercial goods, and more recently services, as it is a way to exchange ideas, spur discovery and innovation, and increase competitiveness. However, for some, globalisation is synonymous with unfair trade practices, job losses and the offshoring of firms, and there has recently been a backlash, culminating in the failure of multilateral trade agreements. Calls for protectionism are all the while growing louder. As part of its wider exercise to modernise the EU, which is now centred on the white paper on the future of Europe, the Commission published a reflection paper on harnessing globalisation in May 2017. The paper identifies both an acceleration and a transformation of globalisation, making it unescapable, and the Commission therefore strongly supports keeping markets open. Nevertheless, it also advocates shaping globalisation in order to spread core European values, such as human rights. The EU's external response should be based on international cooperation, economic diplomacy and ensuring a level playing field. The policy areas covered would range from trade to environment, and from sustainable development to investment. In parallel, the EU's internal response would aim to increase resilience through improved sharing of the benefits of globalisation, and promoting European industry's long-term competitiveness. Reinforcement of the internal market and using the European Semester for improved coordination of economic policies is also advocated in connection with harnessing globalisation, as is targeted support for regions. This briefing is one of a series on the European Commission's reflection papers following up the March 2017 White Paper on the Future of Europe.

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Oversigt - WIFI4EU - Promotion of internet connectivity in local communities - 05-09-2017

Tue, 05 Sep 2017 15:39:53 GMT

The European Commission has launched an initiative aimed at providing free access to fast internet in local communities. �Ϸ��վ is due to discuss and vote on WIFI4EU during its September plenary.

Kilde : © Den Europæiske Union, 2017 - EP

Briefing - Understanding the macroeconomic imbalance procedure: Origin, rationale and aims - 20-04-2017

Thu, 20 Apr 2017 13:57:08 GMT

Both the global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis uncovered a high level of macroeconomic imbalances, which constituted major economic fault-lines, and led to the spread and acceleration of these crises. Imbalances had built up over years, sometimes decades, and correcting them proved to be a long and painful process. The main source of imbalance was the consequences of an unprecedented expansion in demand, fuelled by large credit inflows into the euro-area periphery. This created major problems when the EU, already bending under the financial crisis that originated in the USA, saw its own financial markets lose confidence. The financial flows from Europe's economic core to the periphery reversed, leaving the periphery vulnerable, and creating repercussions throughout Europe and beyond. In parallel to coping with the immediate problems, lawmakers took steps to avoid a re-occurrence of such events. The EU's economic governance framework, which had proven inadequate, underwent a major overhaul, with the addition of a macroeconomic imbalance procedure (MIP) being the most important part. The aim of the MIP is to identify and correct imbalances as early as possible in order to avoid deeper problems at a later stage, thus supplementing the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). A framework was created in which each individual Member State, especially those part of the euro area, is thoroughly screened for macroeconomic imbalances, and preventive as well as corrective action is taken whenever necessary.

Kilde : © Den Europæiske Union, 2017 - EP

Briefing - Servicing government debt: The impact of rising interest rates - 02-03-2017

Thu, 02 Mar 2017 12:52:34 GMT

Interest rates are at historically low levels, both in the European Union and worldwide. For the euro area, a reason for low market interest rate levels is the accommodative monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB), which endeavours to increase inflation levels. Most of the time, central banks have to fight inflationary tendencies, but recently inflation was almost non-existent in the euro area, even leading to occasional dips into deflation. For some time, inflation was very far from the ECB’s 'below but close to 2 %' aim. With clear indication that inflation is picking up, an end to the accommodative monetary policy may be in sight. Should this impact long-term interest rates for government bonds, then it might lead to detrimental effects for governments. An increase in interest rates is generally thought to harm public finances, as the servicing of debt becomes more onerous. This briefing shows that the increase in interest rates does not immediately and fully translate into higher costs for the state, as debt management strategies were put into place that will effectively reduce the short- and medium-term impact on the state’s coffers. However, in the long term, governments cannot escape the effects of market interest rate increases. It could lead to an increase in overall debt, and in certain cases might result in the neutralisation of past fiscal consolidation efforts. Please click here for the full publication in PDF format

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