Documentos - Think Tank - Parlamento Europeo

Estudio - Reconocimiento jurídico transfronterizo de la filiación en la UE - 19-04-2023

Tue, 18 Apr 2023 22:00:00 GMT

Este estudio, encargado por el Departamento Temático de Derechos de los Ciudadanos y Asuntos Constitucionales del Parlamento Europeo a solicitud de la Comisión de Peticiones, tiene por objeto analizar la propuesta de Reglamento de la Comisión sobre el reconocimiento de la filiación en la Unión. El estudio examina el problema de la falta de reconocimiento de la filiación entre Estados miembros y sus causas, el marco jurídico actual y las soluciones (parciales) planteadas para este problema, el contexto de la propuesta de la Comisión y su texto. También ofrece una evaluación crítica del Reglamento propuesto y formula recomendaciones de actuación para su mejora.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2023 - PE

Estudio - Evaluación de la discapacidad, reconocimiento mutuo y Tarjeta Europea de Discapacidad. Avances y oportunidades - 28-11-2022

Sun, 27 Nov 2022 23:00:00 GMT

Este estudio, encargado por el Departamento Temático de Derechos de los Ciudadanos y Asuntos Constitucionales del Parlamento Europeo a petición de la Comisión de Peticiones, examina los avances realizados en el reconocimiento mutuo de la condición de discapacidad en la Unión y los retos que plantea. Existen diferentes definiciones y prácticas de evaluación de la discapacidad entre los Estados miembros y en los distintos ámbitos políticos. Las peticiones de los ciudadanos manifiestan su preocupación por la falta de reconocimiento mutuo y piden mejoras. La armonización de la evaluación es difícil, pero algunos puntos de partida comunes son posibles. La Tarjeta Europea de Discapacidad proporciona un modelo administrativo para el reconocimiento mutuo.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2022 - PE

Estudio - Obstáculos a la libre circulación de las familias arcoíris en la Unión - 08-03-2021

Sun, 07 Mar 2021 23:00:00 GMT

El presente estudio, encargado por el Departamento Temático de Derechos de los Ciudadanos y Asuntos Constitucionales del Parlamento Europeo a instancias de la Comisión PETI, analiza: i) los obstáculos a los que se enfrentan las familias arcoíris (parejas del mismo sexo, con o sin hijos) cuando intentan ejercer sus derechos de libre circulación dentro de la UE, e incluye ejemplos extraídos de peticiones presentadas ante la Comisión PETI; ii) la forma en que los Estados miembros de la UE tratan a las parejas casadas del mismo sexo, a las parejas registradas, a las parejas no registradas y a sus hijos en situaciones transfronterizas; y iii) las medidas que las instituciones de la UE podrían tomar para eliminar estos obstáculos.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2021 - PE

De un vistazo - Aplicación de la Decisión Marco relativa a la orden de detención europea - 13-01-2021

Wed, 13 Jan 2021 11:24:05 GMT

Todos los Estados miembros de la UE han transpuesto la Decisión Marco del Consejo de 2002 relativa a la orden de detención europea y a los procedimientos de entrega entre Estados miembros. En el Pleno de enero de 2021 el Parlamento Europeo debatirá el informe de propia iniciativa sobre su aplicación.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2021 - PE

Estudio - Common minimum standards of civil procedure: European Added Value Assessment - 28-11-2019

Thu, 28 Nov 2019 16:50:30 GMT

The European Added Value Assessment (EAVA) estimates whether and to what extent adoption of EU minimum standards of civil procedure could generate European added value. The European added value is quantified as a percentage reduction of the total cost of civil procedure. The total cost of civil procedure is estimated based on data on the number of civil and commercial proceedings in the EU-28 and the cost of litigation in the Member States. Based on this analysis, the EAVA estimates that introducing EU common minimum standards of civil procedure could reduce annual costs for citizens and businesses in the European Union by as much as €4.7 to 7.9 billion per annum. The European added value could be potentially generated through reduction of fragmentation, simplification and filling gaps in the current EU procedural rules. Furthermore, EU common minimum standards would contribute towards building mutual trust between judicial authorities of different Member States. Increasing trust has the potential to enhance legal certainty and stability for citizens and businesses, further reduce uncertainty and delay costs.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2019 - PE

Análisis en profundidad - Third country equivalence in EU banking and financial regulation - 27-08-2019

Sun, 30 Sep 2018 22:00:00 GMT

This briefing provides an insight into the latest developments on equivalence in EU banking and financial regulation both in terms of governance and decision making (Section 1) and in terms of regulatory and supervisory frameworks that governs the access of third countries firms to the internal market (Section 2). The briefing also gives an overview on the possible role of equivalence regimes in the context of Brexit (Section 3) together with Brexit-related supervisory and regulatory issues (Section 4). This briefing is an updated version of a briefing published in April 2018.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2019 - PE

Briefing - Mutual recognition of goods - 25-04-2019

Wed, 24 Apr 2019 22:00:00 GMT

The revision of the regulation on mutual recognition of goods was announced in the 2015 Single Market Strategy. The Commission adopted its proposal in December 2017, which aimed to revise previous rules dating from 2008. This regulation aims to improve the rules governing the trade of goods in the single market. Intra-EU trade remains twice as big as extra-EU trade, and is rising constantly. This is, in large part, due to free movement of goods in the EU, which is based on either harmonised product rules at the EU level or, where there are no harmonised rules, the principle of mutual recognition under which goods lawfully marketed in one Member State may be sold in another Member State. The proposal addressed a number of shortcomings in the application of the mutual recognition principle. A provisional agreement between the co-legislators was reached on 22 November 2018. The text was adopted in plenary in February 2019. The new rules will improve collaboration among national authoritites and enhance the role of national product contact points. They will introduce a faster problem-solving procedure for disputes between companies and national authorities, as well as a new voluntary declaration to be filled in by economic operators to prove lawful marketing in an EU Member State. The new rules will apply from 19 April 2020. Fourth edition. The ‘EU Legislation in Progress’ briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure. Please note this document has been designed for on-line viewing.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2019 - PE

De un vistazo - Plenary round-up – Strasbourg, February 2019 - 15-02-2019

Fri, 15 Feb 2019 10:16:25 GMT

The February plenary session highlights included a further debate on the Future of Europe, with Giuseppe Conte, Italy's Prime Minister; debates on Syria, and the future of the INF Treaty and its impact on the EU; and discussions on Roma integration strategies, and on a reflection paper on a sustainable Europe by 2030. �Ϸ��վ also held debates on the conclusion of three EU-Singapore agreements; the implementation of Treaty provisions; and the rights of LGBTI people. Members adopted legislative texts, inter alia, on a multiannual plan for stocks fished in the Western Waters; a Union civil protection mechanism; minimum requirements for water reuse; screening of FDI; electronic road toll systems; mutual recognition of goods; cross-border payments and currency conversion charges; and common rules for access to the international market for coach and bus services. Finally, �Ϸ��վ adopted positions on six further proposed funding programmes for the 2021-2027 period, clearing the way to the launch of negotiations with the Council.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2019 - PE

Briefing - Mutual recognition of freezing and confiscation orders - 12-12-2018

Tue, 11 Dec 2018 23:00:00 GMT

In order to respond more effectively to the challenge of criminals and terrorists hiding assets in other Member States, in 2016 the European Commission proposed a regulation on the mutual recognition of freezing and confiscation orders in criminal matters. The directly applicable instrument removes the need for national transposition, broadens the scope of the current rules to cover new types of confiscation and includes provisions on victims' rights to restitution and compensation. In June 2018, provisional agreement was reached in interinstitutional negotiations and the European �Ϸ��վ voted the agreed text on 4 October 2018. The Council followed suit on 6 November 2018. The final act was signed on 14 November and published in the Official Journal of the EU on 28 November 2018. The regulation will apply 24 months after its entry into force, namely from 19 December 2020. Second edition. The ‘EU Legislation in Progress’ briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2018 - PE

Estudio - Criminal procedural laws across the European Union – A comparative analysis of selected main differences and the impact they have over the development of EU legislation - 30-08-2018

Thu, 06 Sep 2018 22:00:00 GMT

This study, commissioned by the European �Ϸ��վ’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, examines to what extent differences between national procedural criminal laws hinder the negotiations and the operation of cross-border cooperation instruments. It is based on a comparative analysis of a representative sample of nine Member States. It identifies several forms of “hindrances” to cross-border cooperation, ranging from mere delays to the suspension and the non-execution of assistance requests, alongside the striking underuse of some of the existing instruments. There is no simple or single answer to these challenges. Therefore, several non-legislative and legislative recommendations are put forward for the short- and long-term horizon.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2018 - PE

Estudio - Regulation (EC) 1107/2009 on the Placing of Plant Protection Products on the Market - 24-04-2018

Tue, 24 Apr 2018 10:35:02 GMT

Regulation (EC) 1107/2009 lays down the main instruments for placing effective plant protection products (using pesticide substances) on the market that are safe for humans, animals and the environment, while at the same time ensuring effective functioning of the internal market and improved agricultural production. This European Implementation Assessment found that the above objectives, while largely relevant to real needs, are not being achieved in practice. In particular, implementation of the main instruments of the regulation – substance approval, plant protection products authorisation and enforcement of the regulatory decisions taken in the frame of the approvals and authorisations, is problematic, which also affect other related EU policies. Nevertheless, despite the implementation challenges observed, stakeholders – including national competent authorities, health/environment NGOs, manufacturers of substances and plant protection products and their users (farmers) – agree that the EU is the appropriate level at which regulatory action in the field of pesticides (used in plant protection products) should continue to take place.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2018 - PE

Briefing - Mutual recognition of goods lawfully marketed in another Member State - 06-04-2018

Thu, 05 Apr 2018 22:00:00 GMT

An initial appraisal of the impact assessment accompanying the Commission proposal clearly defines the problem, as well as the general and specific objectives. Operational objectives appear to be relevant and achievable, even though they appear not to be entirely set according to the recommendations included in the better regulation toolbox. The IA presents a reasonable range of options and choses a combination of soft law measures and legislative changes (options 2 and 4). Among the measures proposed, the introduction of a declaration of compliance could have benefited from further substantiation of its added value. While an SME test was conducted, the analysis regarding the impact on competitiveness is largely missing. The Commission has consulted a broad range of stakeholders, whose views have been extensively analysed and illustrated. The research, analysis, and supporting evidence included or referenced in the IA provide ample and detailed insights on the different issues considered, making the overall analysis, and the assessments of the retained options, reasonably sound.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2018 - PE

Briefing - Authorisation of pesticides in the EU: With a focus on glyphosate - 01-02-2018

Thu, 01 Feb 2018 13:13:09 GMT

In the European Union, plant protection products, often referred to as 'pesticides', are subject to a dual approval process: active substances are approved at European Union (EU) level, provided they meet a number of criteria. Commercial plant protection products containing one or more active substances are subsequently authorised at Member State level if they satisfy certain conditions. A controversy has emerged since 2015 over the renewal of the approval of glyphosate. One of the active substances most commonly found in broad-spectrum herbicides in the world, glyphosate is mainly used in agriculture. The controversy started as a result of diverging assessments of its carcinogenicity: the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a branch of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans, while the European Food Safety Authority found it unlikely to pose a carcinogenic hazard to humans. The European Chemicals Agency later concluded that glyphosate did not classify as a carcinogen. Several national authorities outside the EU also came to the same conclusion. The European Commission eventually renewed the approval of glyphosate for five years in December 2017. The views of stakeholders and Member States on the topic have been strongly divided. �Ϸ��վ has called for phasing out all uses of glyphosate by the end of 2022. �Ϸ��վ is expected to vote, in February 2018, on the creation of a special committee on the Union's authorisation procedure for pesticides.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2018 - PE

Briefing - Free movement of goods within the EU single market - 19-01-2018

Fri, 19 Jan 2018 10:33:07 GMT

The free movement of goods is one of the four fundamental freedoms of the EU – together with services, capital and people – and a cornerstone of the single market. The rationale of an open market throughout the EU has always been to assist economic growth and competitiveness and therefore promote employment and prosperity. Legislation on the single market for goods (based mainly on Article 28 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, TFEU) aims at ensuring that products placed on the EU market conform to high health, safety and environmental requirements. Once a product is sold legally in the EU, it should circulate without barriers to trade, with a minimum of administrative burden

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2018 - PE

De un vistazo - Refundición del Reglamento «Bruselas II bis» - 10-01-2018

Wed, 10 Jan 2018 10:00:50 GMT

El 21 de noviembre de 2017, la Comisión de Asuntos Jurídicos del Parlamento aprobó su informe sobre la propuesta de la Comisión de refundición del Reglamento «Bruselas II bis», relativa a la «libre circulación» de resoluciones judiciales en asuntos de familia no patrimoniales. Dado que se aplica un procedimiento legislativo especial, el Parlamento Europeo solamente es consultado. La votación está prevista en el Pleno de enero.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2018 - PE

Estudio - The implications of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union for the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice - 19-12-2017

Tue, 19 Dec 2017 23:00:00 GMT

This study, commissioned by the European �Ϸ��վ’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, appraises the implications of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union for the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice and protection of personal data for law enforcement purposes. It maps the various policy areas in which the UK is currently participating and analyses the requirements for the disentanglement of the UK from them, as well as the prerequisites for possible UK participation in AFSJ policies after withdrawal. Furthermore, it provides an assessment of the political and operational impact of Brexit for the EU in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE

Estudio - Procedural rights and detention conditions - 07-12-2017

Thu, 07 Dec 2017 13:35:23 GMT

Despite the significant EU action and cooperation that has taken place, the rights and detention conditions of those suspected of committing a crime and serving a sentence in the Member States continue to fail to live up to international and EU standards. Judicial cooperation within the EU is not yet fully adapted to this reality, it operates in absence of an EU mechanism monitoring Member States' compliance with practical fundamental rights and lacks specific guidance for alleged violations. EU legislation on suspects' rights is limited to setting common minimum standards. Even so, there are already indications of shortcomings concerning key rights to a fair trial, such as the right to interpretation, translation, information and legal assistance during questioning by the police. Furthermore, certain areas have not been comprehensively addressed, such as pre-trial detention, contributing to prison overcrowding in a number of EU Member States. The outstanding divergent levels of protection also create discrimination between EU citizens. Criminal justice systems remain inefficient and fail to achieve the aims of convicting and rehabilitating the guilty, while protecting the innocent. This impacts on the individuals concerned, in terms of a denial of their rights and material and immaterial damage; on their families; and on Member States' societies more generally. The gaps and barriers identified also have substantial cost implications. Finally, this study assesses the added value of a number of options for EU action and cooperation to contribute to closing these gaps and taking further steps to ensure the effective protection of the rights of suspects and detained persons.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE

Briefing - The state of implementation of the EU Succession Regulation’s provisions on its scope, applicable law, freedom of choice, and parallelism between the law and the courts - 20-11-2017

Tue, 21 Nov 2017 23:00:00 GMT

This briefing, commissioned by the European �Ϸ��վ’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs, provides an assessment of the state of implementation of the EU Regulation on cross-border succession with a view to determining whether it is fulfilling its goal of ensuring legal certainty, predictability and simplification for citizens. It focusses, in particular, on the provisions on the scope, applicable law, party autonomy and parallelism between forum and jus.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE

Briefing - El estado de aplicación de las disposiciones del Reglamento UE sobre Sucesiones en materia de orden público, aplicación universal y reenvío, y sobre el acceso a los registros del certificado sucesorio europeo - 20-11-2017

Tue, 21 Nov 2017 23:00:00 GMT

El Reglamento sobre Sucesiones tiene carácter universal, en tanto que, según propiadisposición, la ley designada en virtud del mismo se aplicará aun cuando no sea la deun Estado miembro. El Reglamento sobre Sucesiones se sirve de mecanismos tradicionales del derechointernacional privado, como la cláusula de orden público y el reenvío, cuyaaplicación determina, en determinados supuestos, la alteración de los resultados a losque inicialmente podrían conducir las normas de conflicto, inspiradas en los principiosde unidad y universalidad de la ley de la sucesión. Para facilitar la tarea de los interesados en una sucesión trasfronteriza, el Reglamentosobre Sucesiones pone a su disposición un medio adecuado de acceso a los sistemasinternos de publicidad registral: el certificado sucesorio europeo. Sin embargo, esa los Estados miembros a los que corresponde la competencia, con carácter exclusivo,en materia de propiedad y de su publicidad registral.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE

De un vistazo - Approval of glyphosate: Latest developments - 10-11-2017

Fri, 10 Nov 2017 15:26:47 GMT

Glyphosate, one of the world's most widely used active substances in herbicides, has become the subject of controversy. A proposal by the European Commission to renew its approval for five years failed to gather a qualified majority of Member States and is to be submitted to an appeal body. �Ϸ��վ has called for glyphosate to be phased out by 2022.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - La libre circulación de mercancías - 01-11-2017

Wed, 16 Nov 2016 23:00:00 GMT

La libre circulación de mercancías, la primera de las cuatro libertades fundamentales del mercado interior, se basa en la eliminación de los derechos de aduana y de las restricciones cuantitativas, así como en la prohibición de las medidas de efecto equivalente. Para completar la realización del mercado interior, a ello se sumaron el principio de reconocimiento mutuo, la eliminación de las barreras físicas y técnicas y el fomento de la normalización. La adopción de un nuevo marco legislativo en 2008 reforzó notablemente las normas de comercialización de productos, la libre circulación de mercancías, el sistema de vigilancia del mercado de la Unión y el marcado CE. Además, se consolidó el principio de reconocimiento mutuo, pues ahora se aplica a un amplio abanico de productos que no están sujetos a la armonización de la Unión.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE

Briefing - International Agreements in Progress: EU-Australia free trade agreement - Moving towards the launch of talks - 11-10-2017

Wed, 11 Oct 2017 16:13:32 GMT

The prospective EU-Australia free trade agreement (FTA) will complement the economic dimension of the current longstanding and evolving relationship with a new element. In addition to opening up new bilateral commercial opportunities, the FTA would also both facilitate the creation of new ties with global production and commercial networks and help to advance the trade policy interests of the EU in the Asia-Pacific region. The economic cooperation already in place includes a number of bilateral agreements that provide a good basis for the future negotiations. However, given that Australia is a major agricultural and agri-food exporter globally, it is expected that, in the course of the negotiations, certain sensitive issues may be raised. The EU is committed to taking European agricultural sensitivities fully into consideration in its negotiating strategy, seeking to protect vulnerable sectors through specific provisions. On 13 September 2017, the European Commission presented the draft negotiating directives for the FTA with Australia. This draft mandate, in line with the EU Court of Justice's recent opinion on the EU-Singapore FTA, covers only those areas falling under the EU's exclusive competence. Therefore, the prospective agreement could be concluded by the EU on its own and could be ratified at EU level only. The Commission aims to finalise the negotiations before the end of its mandate in late 2019.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE

Briefing - International Agreements in Progress: EU-New Zealand free trade agreement - All set for the launch of negotiations - 11-10-2017

Tue, 10 Oct 2017 22:00:00 GMT

New Zealand already enjoys a number of bilateral trade cooperation agreements with the EU. These agreements pave the way for negotiations on a free trade agreement (FTA) between the EU and New Zealand. However, both sides are expected to raise several sensitive issues during negotiations, not least because New Zealand is a major and competitive producer and exporter of agricultural goods. The EU is committed to taking European agricultural sensitivities fully into consideration in its negotiating strategy, seeking to protect vulnerable sectors through specific provisions. In addition to facilitating trade and investment flows between the parties, the FTA would create a level playing field for the EU with other trading partners that have already concluded FTAs with New Zealand. The FTA would also strengthen the EU's position in Asia-Pacific value chains, and help to advance the trade policy interests of the EU in the region. On 13 September 2017, the European Commission presented draft negotiating directives for an FTA with New Zealand. This draft mandate, in line with the EU Court of Justice's recent opinion on the EU-Singapore FTA, covers only areas falling under the EU's exclusive competence. Therefore, the prospective agreement could be concluded by the EU on its own and could be ratified at EU level only. The Commission aims to finalise negotiations before the end of its mandate in late 2019.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE

Briefing - Understanding non-tariff barriers in the single market - 09-10-2017

Mon, 09 Oct 2017 11:25:06 GMT

Despite the achievements of single market integration, many non-tariff barriers (NTBs) persist, preventing realisation of its full economic potential. These arise from laws, technical regulations and practices, and create obstacles for trade. NTBs can be of a general character, such as problems with the implementation and enforcement of EU law at the national level, missing or differing e-government solutions, or complex VAT requirements in intra-EU trade. NTBs can also be sector-specific and concern only specific markets for goods, services or retail. Accordingly, the EU is tackling NTBs with a mix of general and sectoral initiatives, often cutting across various policy areas. The Juncker Commission, now at the mid-term of its mandate, made deepening the single market one of its main priorities. The Commission's single market and digital single market strategies address many NTBs. However, greater Member State involvement, stronger monitoring, and increased political emphasis on the single market are likely to be needed to remove the barriers and deepen single market integration. NTBs are also increasingly mentioned in the context of debates on the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union. The impacts of Brexit on the single market and NTBs are as yet unclear, but early analysis points to the likelihood of legal uncertainty and the need to address a multitude of often challenging issues.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE

Estudio - Orden europea de protección Directiva 2011/99/UE: Evaluación europea de la aplicación - 28-09-2017

Wed, 27 Sep 2017 22:00:00 GMT

La presente evaluación europea de la aplicación examina la aplicación de la Directiva 2011/99/UE sobre la orden europea de protección (OEP), un mecanismo para el reconocimiento mutuo de las medidas de protección para las víctimas de delitos, que debía ser transpuesta a la legislación nacional de los Estados miembros a más tardar el 11 de enero de 2015. La evaluación analiza las prácticas de los Estados miembros, identifica una serie de cuestiones que ayudan a explicar por qué se ha hecho un uso muy limitado de la orden europea de protección hasta la fecha y ofrece recomendaciones sobre cómo podría mejorarse la aplicación de la Directiva sobre la orden europea de protección.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2017 - PE