Documentos - Think Tank - Parlamento Europeo

Estudio - Subsidiarity, proportionality and the role of the national parliaments in the European legislative process - 07-05-2025

Tue, 06 May 2025 22:00:00 GMT

Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty (2009), the EU national parliaments have had the right to control the principle of subsidiarity through the Early Warning System (EWS). This study, commissioned by the European �Ϸ��վ’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, examines how the EWS has worked over the past 15 years. It also looks into the interaction of �Ϸ��վ, the European Commission, local and regional entities, the Committee of the Regions, the Court of Justice of the EU and the Council with national parliaments to this end. Moreover, it considers the principle of proportionality and the EU institutions’ relationship with it.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - La política de comunicación - 02-05-2025

Sun, 30 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

La necesidad de una comunicación eficaz tiene su base jurídica en la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea (en lo sucesivo, «Carta»), en la que se garantiza el derecho de toda la ciudadanía a estar informada sobre los asuntos de la Unión. Las instituciones de la Unión han desarrollado varias herramientas y servicios para mantenerse en contacto con los ciudadanos y facilitarles información. Desde su lanzamiento oficial en 2012, la iniciativa ciudadana europea ha permitido a la ciudadanía participar más directamente en la nueva legislación y en los asuntos de la Unión.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

Briefing - Critical approach to EU law-making: French Senate’s report on EU legislation - 23-04-2025

Tue, 22 Apr 2025 22:00:00 GMT

The Policy Hub on Better Law-Making hold on 18 February, 2025 focused on challenges to EU law making. The French Senate’s report was presented and perceived as a wake-up call, urging a shift towards effective, accessible law-making in the EU. Academics highlighted issues of excessive legislation, the need for clearer and citizen-centered laws. They emphasized the need for simplifying legal texts, improving democratic scrutiny by the European �Ϸ��վ, and fostering collaboration with academia. These proceeding are prepared by the European �Ϸ��վ’s Policy Department for Justice, Civil Liberties and Institutional Affairs for the JURI Committee.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

Briefing - 2025 Commission work programme - 31-03-2025

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 17:14:27 GMT

On 11 February 2025, the European Commission adopted the first work programme (2025 CWP) of the von der Leyen II Commission. Building on the reports by Enrico Letta, Mario Draghi and Sauli Niinistö, and in line with the Commission President's political guidelines, the CWP places a strong emphasis on competitiveness, simplification and implementation, and preparedness. These will remain key horizontal priorities for the entire Commission mandate. In terms of structure, the CWP follows the seven headline ambitions put forward in the political guidelines and is accompanied by a communication on implementation and simplification. The work programme should be read in conjunction with two other recent Commission communications: the 'Competitiveness Compass' – itself a flagship initiative under the 2025 CWP, setting out a strategic long-term plan for rebooting Europe's competitiveness – and the communication on 'The road to the next multiannual financial framework' (MFF), which reflects on how to align the MFF with evolving needs and priorities. Annex I of the 2025 CWP puts forward 52 major new policy initiatives, over 40 % of which fall under the competitiveness headline ambition. Only 18 new initiatives are of a legislative nature, with a further one listed as 'legislative or non-legislative'. Fourteen of the legislative initiatives aim to revise existing legislation; 11 of these have a strong simplification dimension, and only nine are set to be supported by an impact assessment. The relatively low number of legislative files is not uncommon at the beginning of a new mandate, where (non-legislative) strategies, compasses, roadmaps and action plans lay out the new priorities. Several of them, such as the Competitiveness Compass and the Clean Industrial Deal, imply intense legislative activity in the years ahead. The annual plan of evaluations and fitness checks included in Annex II is a novelty – and a step towards increased transparency.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

Briefing - Stock-taking of the 2024 European �Ϸ��վ Elections - 13-03-2025

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 23:00:00 GMT

In the 2024 European �Ϸ��վ elections turnout varied significantly across EU Member States, influenced by institutional factors such as compulsory voting and concurrent elections. Socioeconomic disparities persisted; older, higher-educated, and wealthier citizens were more likely to vote, while economically disadvantaged and unemployed individuals participated less. Gender and age gaps in turnout reaffirmed the importance of role models and political efficacy in mobilization. Vote choice reflected both ideological convictions and protest voting, with established pro-EU parties retaining support while Euroskeptic and far-right parties made gains. The elections confirmed the enduring importance of economic redistribution, European integration, and climate policy as key axes of political contestation. While high-quality representation fosters legitimacy and political engagement, turnout and ideological representation disparities highlight ongoing challenges for democratic inclusivity in the EU. Key recommendations for higher quality of representation include: (1) strengthening political efficacy among women; (2) encouraging youth political engagement; (3) balancing age representation in politics; (4) simplifying electoral processes; (5) strengthening social safety nets to sustain political engagement; (6) addressing political disengagement stemming from economic dissatisfaction; (7) enhancing representation for disadvantaged groups; (8) considering candidate age in party strategies; (9) bridging climate policy divides; and (10) leveraging EU defense cooperation for political consensus.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

Briefing - Stock-taking of the European Elections 2024 - 13-03-2025

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 23:00:00 GMT

The European Electoral Act decrees that the Members of the European �Ϸ��վ shall be elected on the basis of proportional representation, using the list system or the single transferable vote. There is much leeway for a Member State to turn terms like “proportional representation” or “the list system” into executable rules. As a result, Member States differ considerably as to their electoral provisions. The briefing presents an overview of the vote patterns used by the Member States, of the apportionment methods to convert the votes of a domestic electorate into seats for the competing parties, and of the ways in which the seats of a party are assigned to this party's candidates.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

De un vistazo - Research for REGI committee - Exploring Strategies for Using Cohesion Funds to Address Social and Economic Challenges in the EU - 07-03-2025

Thu, 06 Mar 2025 23:00:00 GMT

The study investigates how Cohesion Policy responds to emerging and existing demographic and socio-economic challenges. Following an overview of the main socio-economic challenges, it provides an assessment of Cohesion Policy strengths and weaknesses in tackling these challenges in the 2014-2020 and 2021-2027 periods. It then considers the policy implications for future Cohesion Policy and the role of the European �Ϸ��վ. The study is based on a review of the relevant literature and data, stakeholders’ interviews and five regional case studies.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

Estudio - Research for REGI committee - Exploring Strategies for Using Cohesion Funds to Address Social and Economic Challenges in the EU - 07-03-2025

Thu, 06 Mar 2025 23:00:00 GMT

Estudio - Le principe de protection de l'environnement, une perspective de droit comparé: Union européenne - 29-01-2025

Tue, 28 Jan 2025 23:00:00 GMT

Ce document s’intègre dans une série d’études qui, avec une perspective de droit comparé, visent à faire une présentation du principe de protection de l'environnement dans différents ordres juridiques. Après avoir expliqué le droit positif et la jurisprudence d’application, le contenu, les limites et la possible évolution de ce principe sont examinés. La présente étude a pour objet le cas de l’Union européenne. Le principe est garanti par une série de dispositions des traités et l’article 37 de la Charte des droits fondamentaux. Il est mis en œuvre par un arsenal quantitativement et qualitativement très important de normes et réglementations qui font l’objet d’une abondante jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne sur l’interprétation et l’application de ce droit dérivé. L’étude approfondit de manière critique les composantes du principe et la façon dont celui-ci se combine avec d’autres principes ou droits.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

Estudio - Monitoring the implementation of EU law: tools and challenges - Update - 23-01-2025

Wed, 22 Jan 2025 23:00:00 GMT

This study was commissioned by the European �Ϸ��վ's Policy Department for Citizens, Equality and Culture at the request of the Committee on Petitions (PETI). It updates the study published in 2017, offering information on the key actors responsible for implementing and enforcing EU law. It also examines recent trends in the transposition and application of EU legislation across various policy areas, based on the latest available information. The study outlines the evolution of the EU Enforcement policy highlighting the Commission ‘Smart Enforcement’ approach which focuses on addressing compliance issues proactively before resorting to infringement procedures. The study concludes with recommendations for the EU institutions.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

Briefing - Commitments made at the confirmation hearings of the Commissioners-designate 2024-2029 - 10-01-2025

Thu, 09 Jan 2025 23:00:00 GMT

Commitments made at the confirmation hearings of the Commissioners-designate 2024-2029

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2025 - PE

Estudio - Towards a Climate and Energy Union - The constitutional basis for a sustainable transformation - 12-12-2024

Wed, 11 Dec 2024 23:00:00 GMT

This study, commissioned by the European �Ϸ��վ’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, considers the legal space for an EU Climate and Energy Union. It assesses the major limits at the EU and national level, as well as the question if (informal) Treaty change is possible and necessary to create the space needed. It also assesses if an individual right to clean energy exists, or can and should be legally construed. It pays special attention to the challenge of funding and the role that the emerging principle of solidarity might play.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Setting spyware standards after the Pegasus scandal - 25-11-2024

Sun, 24 Nov 2024 23:00:00 GMT

In June 2023, following its investigation into Europe's spyware scandal, the European �Ϸ��վ issued a final recommendation identifying country-specific shortcomings and proposing EU standards for the use of spyware. Proposed safeguards include judicial approval, proportionality requirements, independent oversight, notification duties, and data deletion. Member States embroiled in the spyware scandal are making progress – albeit uneven – towards meeting these standards. Greece has amended its intelligence law in the wake of the spyware scandal, but it remains to be seen whether it will address outstanding shortcomings. Spain has announced further efforts to strengthen its legal framework, although �Ϸ��վ considered the country's legal framework fundamentally compliant. Rule of law concerns persist in Hungary. Poland is investigating the alleged spyware abuses thoroughly, and is making decisive efforts to improve its legal framework.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

De un vistazo - Research for REGI committee - Streamlining EU Cohesion funds: addressing administrative burdens and redundancy - 12-11-2024

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 23:00:00 GMT

This paper reviews the simplification measures aimed at reducing administrative costs and burdens for Managing Authorities (MAs) and beneficiaries in implementing European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF). The study further provides an overview of the administrative burdens and challenges that MAs and beneficiaries face when implementing the ESIF. Although various initiatives have been undertaken, administrative challenges persist due to complex regulations and overlapping programmes. Recommendations include consolidating funds, expanding Simplified Cost Options (SCOs) use, enhancing audit principles, and adopting flexible funding models. Effective simplification requires a stable legislative framework and political commitment, with long-term changes including a shift to result-based financing.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Estudio - Investigación para la Comisión REGI − Racionalización de los Fondos de Cohesión de la Unión - 11-11-2024

Sun, 10 Nov 2024 23:00:00 GMT

El presente documento es el resumen del estudio «Racionalización de los Fondos de Cohesión de la Unión». El estudio completo, que está disponible en inglés, puede descargarse en el siguiente enlace: https://bit.ly/3BKkJTT

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Estudio - Regulation 1049/2001 on the right of access to documents, including the digital context - 25-09-2024

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 22:00:00 GMT

Upon request of the Committee on Petitions (PETI), the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs commissioned the present study on Regulation 1049/2001 on access to documents with a twofold objective. First, to update the analysis conducted in a 2016 study for the PETI Committee with the latest developments in the case law of the CJEU and the activities led by the European Ombudsman since then – in particular focussing on access to legislative documents, documents relating to administrative proceedings, Court proceedings, infringement proceedings, protection of privacy, international relations, and special regimes. Second, to assess the possible future alignment of the Access Regulation with the evolving digital context, including a potential revision of the definition of document, access to user-friendly public registers and internet sites, access to agendas of officials and scheduled meetings with interest representatives, and access to videos of CJEU oral hearings. The research also incorporates illustrative and complementary cases and own initiatives by the European Ombudsman as indications of evolving challenges to institutional secrecy in the EU context.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - Comité Europeo de las Regiones - 09-09-2024

Sun, 30 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

El Comité Europeo de las Regiones se compone de 329 miembros, que representan a las entidades regionales y locales de los 27 Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Emite dictámenes en los casos de consulta obligatoria contemplados en los Tratados, en los casos de consulta facultativa y por propia iniciativa si lo considera oportuno. Sus miembros no están vinculados por ningún mandato imperativo. Ejercen sus funciones con plena independencia, en interés general de la Unión.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - Los procedimientos supranacionales de adopción de decisiones - 09-09-2024

Thu, 07 Dec 2017 09:01:23 GMT

Los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea han acordado, en virtud de su pertenencia a la Unión, transferir algunas de sus competencias en determinados ámbitos a las instituciones europeas. De ese modo, las instituciones de la UE toman decisiones vinculantes a escala supranacional en sus procedimientos legislativos y ejecutivos, en los procedimientos presupuestarios, en los procedimientos de nombramiento y en los procedimientos cuasiconstitucionales.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Anti-money-laundering authority (AMLA): Countering money laundering and the financing of terrorism - 03-09-2024

Mon, 02 Sep 2024 22:00:00 GMT

In July 2021, the European Commission tabled a proposal to establish a new EU authority to counter money laundering and the financing of terrorism (AMLA). This was part of a legislative package aimed at implementing the 2020 action plan for a comprehensive Union policy on preventing money laundering and the financing of terrorism. The AMLA would be the centre of an integrated system composed of the authority itself and the Member States' national authorities with an AML/CFT supervisory mandate. It would also support EU financial intelligence units and establish a cooperation mechanism among them. In the European �Ϸ��վ, the file was referred to the Committees on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) and on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE). After reaching a provisional agreement on the AMLA in December 2023, the �Ϸ��վ and the Council decided on the location of the Authority's seat (Frankfurt) in February 2024. Regulation (EU) 2024/1620 was adopted on 31 May 2024 and published in the Official Journal of the EU on 19 June 2024. It entered into force on 26 June 2024 and will start applying from 1 July 2025. Fifth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure. The first edition was written by Carla Stamegna.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - Los Tratados de Maastricht y Ámsterdam - 28-08-2024

Sun, 30 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

El Tratado de Maastricht modificó los anteriores tratados europeos y creó una Unión Europea basada en tres pilares: las Comunidades Europeas, la política exterior y de seguridad común (PESC) y la cooperación en los ámbitos de la justicia y los asuntos de interior (JAI). En vista de la ampliación de la Unión, el Tratado de Ámsterdam introdujo las adaptaciones necesarias para garantizar un funcionamiento más eficaz y democrático de la misma.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - El Parlamento Europeo: modalidades de elección - 28-08-2024

Sun, 30 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

Los procedimientos para la elección del Parlamento Europeo se rigen tanto por la legislación de la Unión, que establece normas comunes para todos los Estados miembros, como por disposiciones nacionales específicas que varían de un Estado a otro. Las disposiciones comunes establecen el principio de representación proporcional, normas sobre umbrales mínimos y ciertas incompatibilidades con el mandato de diputado al Parlamento Europeo. Muchas otras cuestiones importantes, como el sistema electoral específico que se emplea o el número de circunscripciones, están reguladas por las leyes nacionales.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - El Comité Económico y Social Europeo - 28-08-2024

Sun, 30 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

El Comité Económico y Social Europeo (CESE) es un órgano consultivo de la Unión Europea con sede en Bruselas. Está compuesto por 329 miembros. El Comité emite sus dictámenes previa consulta obligatoria o facultativa por la Comisión, el Consejo o el Parlamento en los casos previstos por los Tratados; también puede emitir dictámenes por propia iniciativa. Sus miembros no están vinculados por ningún mandato imperativo y ejercen sus funciones con plena independencia y en interés general de la Unión.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

De un vistazo - Unfinished business from the ninth term - 16-07-2024

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 22:00:00 GMT

The ninth parliamentary term formally ended on 15 July 2024, ahead of the constitutive part-session of the European �Ϸ��վ elected on 6-9 June 2024. Despite their best efforts, the co legislators had not reached agreement on a number of legislative proposals before the end of the ninth term. These will form a major part of the business that needs to be picked up again in the tenth term. To ensure continuity in its work, �Ϸ��վ has adopted rules on how to deal with unfinished files.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Revision of the Schengen Borders Code - 03-07-2024

Tue, 02 Jul 2024 22:00:00 GMT

In December 2021, the European Commission presented a proposal to amend the Schengen Borders Code, which lays down the rules governing controls at the EU internal and external borders. While debates on the reform of Schengen have been going on for a while, recent challenges – relating to the coronavirus pandemic on the one hand, and attempts to instrumentalise migrants as a way to put pressure on the EU's external borders, on the other – have brought new momentum for reform. The Commission's proposal is designed to improve the Schengen system's resilience to serious threats and adapt it to new challenges. It introduces a new coordination mechanism to deal with health threats at the external borders and a new Schengen safeguard mechanism to provide a common response at the internal borders in situations of threats affecting Member States, including the possibility to transfer irregular migrants apprehended at the internal borders directly back to the competent authorities in the EU country from which it is assumed they just came, without undergoing an individual assessment. The co-legislators reached a provisional agreement on the proposal in February 2024. The agreed text was adopted by the European �Ϸ��վ in April and by the Council in May. Published in the Official Journal on 20 June, the new regulation enters into force in July 2024. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - El Consejo de la Unión Europea - 01-07-2024

Wed, 12 Jun 2019 22:00:00 GMT

Junto con el Parlamento, el Consejo es la institución que adopta la legislación de la Unión a través de reglamentos y directivas, además de elaborar decisiones y recomendaciones no vinculantes. Dentro de sus ámbitos de competencia, adopta sus decisiones por mayoría simple, mayoría cualificada o unanimidad, de conformidad con la base jurídica del acto que precise de su aprobación.

Fuente : © Unión Europea, 2024 - PE

Documentos - Think Tank - Parlamento Europeo

Estudio - Subsidiarity, proportionality and the role of the national parliaments in the European legislative process - 07-05-2025

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - La política de comunicación - 02-05-2025

Briefing - Critical approach to EU law-making: French Senate’s report on EU legislation - 23-04-2025

Briefing - 2025 Commission work programme - 31-03-2025

Briefing - Stock-taking of the 2024 European �Ϸ�������վ Elections - 13-03-2025

Briefing - Stock-taking of the European Elections 2024 - 13-03-2025

De un vistazo - Research for REGI committee - Exploring Strategies for Using Cohesion Funds to Address Social and Economic Challenges in the EU - 07-03-2025

Estudio - Research for REGI committee - Exploring Strategies for Using Cohesion Funds to Address Social and Economic Challenges in the EU - 07-03-2025

Estudio - Le principe de protection de l'environnement, une perspective de droit comparé: Union européenne - 29-01-2025

Estudio - Monitoring the implementation of EU law: tools and challenges - Update - 23-01-2025

Briefing - Commitments made at the confirmation hearings of the Commissioners-designate 2024-2029 - 10-01-2025

Estudio - Towards a Climate and Energy Union - The constitutional basis for a sustainable transformation - 12-12-2024

Briefing - Setting spyware standards after the Pegasus scandal - 25-11-2024

De un vistazo - Research for REGI committee - Streamlining EU Cohesion funds: addressing administrative burdens and redundancy - 12-11-2024

Estudio - Investigación para la Comisión REGI − Racionalización de los Fondos de Cohesión de la Unión - 11-11-2024

Estudio - Regulation 1049/2001 on the right of access to documents, including the digital context - 25-09-2024

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - Comité Europeo de las Regiones - 09-09-2024

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - Los procedimientos supranacionales de adopción de decisiones - 09-09-2024

Briefing - Anti-money-laundering authority (AMLA): Countering money laundering and the financing of terrorism - 03-09-2024

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - Los Tratados de Maastricht y Ámsterdam - 28-08-2024

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - El Parlamento Europeo: modalidades de elección - 28-08-2024

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - El Comité Económico y Social Europeo - 28-08-2024

De un vistazo - Unfinished business from the ninth term - 16-07-2024

Briefing - Revision of the Schengen Borders Code - 03-07-2024

Fichas temáticas sobre la EU - El Consejo de la Unión Europea - 01-07-2024

Briefing - Stock-taking of the 2024 European �Ϸ��վ Elections - 13-03-2025