Documenti - Think Tank - Parlamento Europeo

Briefing - Stock-taking of the 2024 European �Ϸ��վ Elections - 13-03-2025

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 23:00:00 GMT

In the 2024 European �Ϸ��վ elections turnout varied significantly across EU Member States, influenced by institutional factors such as compulsory voting and concurrent elections. Socioeconomic disparities persisted; older, higher-educated, and wealthier citizens were more likely to vote, while economically disadvantaged and unemployed individuals participated less. Gender and age gaps in turnout reaffirmed the importance of role models and political efficacy in mobilization. Vote choice reflected both ideological convictions and protest voting, with established pro-EU parties retaining support while Euroskeptic and far-right parties made gains. The elections confirmed the enduring importance of economic redistribution, European integration, and climate policy as key axes of political contestation. While high-quality representation fosters legitimacy and political engagement, turnout and ideological representation disparities highlight ongoing challenges for democratic inclusivity in the EU. Key recommendations for higher quality of representation include: (1) strengthening political efficacy among women; (2) encouraging youth political engagement; (3) balancing age representation in politics; (4) simplifying electoral processes; (5) strengthening social safety nets to sustain political engagement; (6) addressing political disengagement stemming from economic dissatisfaction; (7) enhancing representation for disadvantaged groups; (8) considering candidate age in party strategies; (9) bridging climate policy divides; and (10) leveraging EU defense cooperation for political consensus.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2025 - PE

Briefing - Stock-taking of the European Elections 2024 - 13-03-2025

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 23:00:00 GMT

The European Electoral Act decrees that the Members of the European �Ϸ��վ shall be elected on the basis of proportional representation, using the list system or the single transferable vote. There is much leeway for a Member State to turn terms like “proportional representation” or “the list system” into executable rules. As a result, Member States differ considerably as to their electoral provisions. The briefing presents an overview of the vote patterns used by the Member States, of the apportionment methods to convert the votes of a domestic electorate into seats for the competing parties, and of the ways in which the seats of a party are assigned to this party's candidates.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2025 - PE

In sintesi - Current membership of the European Council - 05-03-2025

Tue, 04 Mar 2025 23:00:00 GMT

The European Council consists of the 27 Heads of State or Government of the EU Member States, who are voting members, together with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission, who have no vote (Article 15(2) Treaty on European Union). The chart shows the current members, the national office they hold, their most recent European political affiliation, and the year their membership began.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2025 - PE

In sintesi - Council Decision (EU) 2018/994 modifying the 1976 European Electoral Act: Ratification status - 12-02-2025

Tue, 11 Feb 2025 23:00:00 GMT

Council Decision (EU) 2018/994, amending the 1976 European Electoral act is not yet in force. According to Article 223 TFEU, �Ϸ��վ has the exclusive right to propose amendments to the electoral rules, while the Council adopts them unanimously after �Ϸ��վ's consent. Moreover, Member States must approve those adopted rules in accordance with their constitutional requirements. However, not all Member States have ratified the Council's 2018 decision.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2025 - PE

In sintesi - Bielorussia: continua oppressione ed elezioni farsa - 15-01-2025

Wed, 15 Jan 2025 13:45:20 GMT

In Bielorussia si assiste a un deterioramento della situazione dei diritti umani, segnata da un clima di costante oppressione. In questo contesto, il 26 gennaio 2025 dovrebbero tenersi le "elezioni" presidenziali. Le forze democratiche della Bielorussia definiscono il prossimo appuntamento elettorale una "auto-rielezione di Lukashenko" ed esortano la comunità internazionale a non riconoscerne l'esito. Durante la tornata di gennaio il Parlamento europeo terrà un dibattito sulla situazione e le eventuali misure da adottare con l'alta rappresentante/vicepresidente della Commissione, Kaja Kallas.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2025 - PE

In sintesi - Disinformazione e cattiva informazione sui social media e relativi rischi per l'integrità delle elezioni - 11-12-2024

Wed, 11 Dec 2024 15:38:00 GMT

Nell'ambito dello storico regolamento dell'UE sui servizi digitali, le grandi piattaforme di social media si sono impegnate ad assumere maggiori responsabilità nel limitare contenuti dannosi e ingannevoli. Ciononostante le campagne di manipolazione delle informazioni continuano. Il 6 dicembre la Romania è diventata il primo paese dell'UE ad annullare un'elezione a causa di ingerenze straniere, in seguito a segnalazioni di manipolazione delle informazioni su TikTok. Nel corso della sessione plenaria del dicembre 2024, la Commissione dovrebbe rilasciare una dichiarazione sulla cattiva informazione e la disinformazione nelle piattaforme di social media e sui relativi rischi per l'integrità delle elezioni in Europa.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

In sintesi - Elezione del Mediatore europeo - 11-12-2024

Wed, 11 Dec 2024 15:13:08 GMT

A dicembre, dopo un'audizione pubblica dei candidati in seno alla commissione per le petizioni (PETI), il Parlamento europeo eleggerà il Mediatore europeo per la nuova legislatura. I candidati sono sei: Teresa Anjinho (Portogallo), ex vice difensora civica portoghese; Emilio De Capitani (Italia), ex funzionario del Parlamento europeo; Marino Fardelli (Italia), difensore civico della regione Lazio; Julia Laffranque (Estonia), ex giudice presso la Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo; Claudia Mahler (Austria), esperta di diritti umani; e Reinier van Zutphen (Paesi Bassi), difensore civico dei Paesi Bassi.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

In sintesi - Plenary round-up – November III 2024 - 29-11-2024

Thu, 28 Nov 2024 23:00:00 GMT

The highlight of the November III 2024 plenary session was the election of the European Commission, following the Commission President-elect's presentation of the College of Commissioners and a debate in the chamber. Members held debates on Commission statements on the outcomes of the G20 Leaders' Summit and the COP29 climate change conference. Members also debated Commission and Council statements on reinforcing the EU's unwavering support for Ukraine; continued escalation in the Middle East; and the political and humanitarian situation in Mozambique. Other debates on Commission statements addressed, inter alia, Bulgaria and Romania's full accession to the Schengen Area; prevention of the recruitment of minors for criminal acts; the need to adopt an ambitious international legally binding agreement on plastic pollution; the Commission's Autumn 2024 economic forecast; venture capital financing and safe foreign direct investments in the EU; energy prices and fighting energy poverty; the gender pay gap; critical infrastructure vulnerabilities and hybrid threats in the Baltic Sea; foreign interference and espionage by third-country actors in European universities; condemning the unilateral declaration of independence of the secessionist entity in Cyprus and efforts to legitimise it, 41 years on; and the repression of freedom of speech in Algeria. Members also posed questions to Commissioner Elisa Ferreira on challenges in the implementation of the 2021-2027 cohesion policy.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Parlamento europeo: fatti e cifre - 22-11-2024

Fri, 22 Nov 2024 16:35:21 GMT

Lo scopo della presente nota informativa, pubblicata dal Servizio Ricerca del Parlamento europeo, è quello di fornire un'ampia gamma di fatti e cifre fondamentali sul Parlamento europeo. I vari grafici forniscono una panoramica sui deputati e illustrano la struttura e le attività dell'Istituzione sia nell'attuale legislatura (dal luglio 2024 al giugno 2029) sia nelle precedenti legislature quinquennali susseguitesi dalle prime elezioni dirette del giugno 1979.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Role and election of the President of the European Council: Frequently asked questions (FAQ) - 12-11-2024

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 23:00:00 GMT

The European Council consists of the Heads of State or Government of the 27 EU Member States, as well as the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission. It became a formal European Union (EU) institution with a full-time President in 2009, with the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. Although it does not include legislative functions, the European Council's role – to 'provide the Union with the necessary impetus for its development' and to define its 'general political directions and priorities' – has developed rapidly over the past 15 years. The European Council's President plays a crucial part in the preparation, conduct and follow-up of meetings as well as in the external representation of the Union. On 1 December 2024, former Portuguese Prime Minister António Costa will take over as President of the European Council. This briefing provides an overview of the functions and responsibilities of this office by answering some of the most frequently asked questions in relation to the President of the European Council. It also looks at the mandates of the previous office-holders and the President's interaction with the European �Ϸ��վ. This updates an EPRS briefing from March 2022.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Japan towards 2024 general elections - 24-10-2024

Wed, 23 Oct 2024 22:00:00 GMT

Shortly after having been elected Japan's Prime Minister in September 2024, Ishiba Shigeru called elections to the house of representatives (the lower house) to be held on 27 October. The vote will follow an intensive 12-day electoral campaign, against a backdrop of scandals involving members of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), rising consumer prices, staple food shortages and security concerns over regional tensions. While this may weaken the LDP's majority, a divided opposition might find it hard to take over the reins, held by the LDP almost uninterruptedly since its foundation in 1955. Under the leadership of Ishiba's predecessor, Kishida Fumio, a former foreign affairs minister, Japan continued to place itself as a key player in international diplomacy, with a renewed emphasis on multilateralism. This gained Ishiba the praise and respect of United States (US) President Joe Biden, in particular for successfully adopting major changes to Japan's defence policy, maintaining global attention on Ukraine and exerting pressure on Russia while holding the G7 presidency, and contributing to a new era in the Japan-South Korea-US relationship. On the domestic front, however, the Kishida administration was unable to deliver the changes promised. The European Union (EU) and Japan have been strategic partners since 2003. Bilateral relations are based on two milestone agreements signed in July 2018: the Economic Partnership Agreement and the Strategic Partnership Agreement. EU-Japan cooperation includes a Green Alliance, a Connectivity Partnership and a Digital Partnership. The two parties have also been deepening their cooperation on security and defence. �Ϸ��վ has previously emphasised the EU's interest in deepening and broadening the EU-Japan partnership, not only bilaterally but also in multilateral contexts.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Georgia at a crossroads: October 2024 parliamentary elections - 21-10-2024

Sun, 20 Oct 2024 22:00:00 GMT

Georgia will hold parliamentary elections on 26 October 2024, for the first time under a fully proportional election system. The results of this vote will be highly consequential, potentially determining Georgia's EU and North-Atlantic integration trajectory for years to come. The election campaign environment has become increasingly tense and polarised. The party in government since 2012, Georgian Dream, led by party founder and billionaire Bidzina Ivanishvili, has described the elections as a choice between 'peace and war'. Meanwhile, the opposition has framed them as a choice between the democratic West and authoritarian Russia. Opinion polls give contradictory results, but those considered more reliable forecast that none of the parties will be able to form a government on its own and that a coalition will be necessary. Georgia was granted EU candidate status on 14 December 2023, on the condition that the country made progress in nine key areas. Since then, however, the ruling party has introduced a number of legislative acts considered contrary to EU values and obstructing the continuation of accession negotiations. Recent amendments to Georgia's electoral laws have been criticised by both international and local organisations. In the coming weeks, the Commission is expected to adopt the 2024 enlargement package, assessing progress made by candidate countries, including Georgia. The elections will be monitored closely by domestic and international observers, including a long term election observation mission from the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), joined by a delegation of Members of the European �Ϸ��վ.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Russia's strategy for Latin America: Strengthening ties in the light of the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan (Russia) - 18-10-2024

Thu, 17 Oct 2024 22:00:00 GMT

Since Russia started its war of aggression against Ukraine by illegally annexing the Crimean peninsula, it has been seeking to foster relations with countries in the Global South that are not firmly aligned with the Western world. In 2023, a change in Russia's foreign policy of 2016 placed a greater emphasis on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and Africa, where the Kremlin has been building influence since the Soviet era. Russia's strategic goal is to counter the United States presence in the neighbourhood and to ensure that Latin America and the Caribbean remain geopolitically neutral. Russia is also pursuing the goal of building a new multipolar world order. Russia's longstanding political and security partners in LAC are Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela, each under an authoritarian regime. Russia is also trying to strengthen its political ties with other LAC countries such as Bolivia, Brazil and El Salvador. With all LAC countries, Russia works through bilateral agreements and intergovernmental forums, in particular BRICS and the G20. From an economic perspective, Russia's footprint in the region is very limited: its trade with LAC countries accounts for a mere 2 % of its global trade. Nevertheless, Russia has gained political leverage through its economic ties, especially due to key LAC countries' reliance on Russian fertilisers and diesel. In addition to political and economic relations, Russia has signed several military cooperation agreements with Latin American countries over the past two decades. Currently, military cooperation is primarily limited to Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela. Russian arms sales to the region have steadily declined since Russia's invasion of Crimea and are now insignificant. Alongside political, economic and military ties, Russia employs disinformation campaigns to undermine liberal democracies and promote Russian propaganda narratives.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - �Ϸ��վary confirmation hearings of the Commissioners-designate: An analysis of the portfolios of the new von der Leyen Commission - 17-10-2024

Thu, 17 Oct 2024 10:12:07 GMT

This compendium brings together a set of briefings prepared by the European �Ϸ��վary Research Service (EPRS) to guide Members of the European �Ϸ��վ through the parliamentary hearings of Commissioners-designate in early November 2024. These public confirmation hearings form the backdrop to �Ϸ��վ's confirmation vote on the College of Commissioners put forward by Ursula von der Leyen, following her re-election as Commission President by the European �Ϸ��վ in July 2024. In addition to an overview of the process, setting its historical and political context, this volume contains a briefing on each of the Commissioners-designate and their portfolios. Each of these briefings highlights some of the key issues and recent developments in the portfolio, as well as looking back on �Ϸ��վ's activity in the area in the last parliamentary term.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

In sintesi - Moldova: Presidential elections and referendum on EU membership - 15-10-2024

Mon, 14 Oct 2024 22:00:00 GMT

The European Union (EU) opened accession negotiations with Moldova in June 2024. The country will soon hold its presidential elections, the first round of which will take place on 20 October 2024 along with a constitutional referendum on EU accession. The two votes, which will determine the future of the country, are being targeted by Russian hybrid operations, including electoral bribery campaigns.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

In sintesi - Tunisia's 2024 presidential elections - 26-09-2024

Wed, 25 Sep 2024 22:00:00 GMT

In a decree issued on 1 July, Tunisian President Kais Saied called a presidential election for 6 October 2024. In doing so Saied is setting himself up for probable re-election, as all but one of the opposition candidates are in prison or have been declared ineligible by the Tunisian electoral commission. A third candidate who had been approved by the electoral commission was handed a 20-month prison sentence on 19 September. Now seeking re-election for a second 5-year term, Saied was first elected to office in 2019 as an anti establishment candidate promising to root out corruption and address poverty. He took full control of the country in 2021, dismissing the elected parliament and deciding to rule by decree, a move the opposition and international community slammed as a coup. A new constitution, approved by referendum in 2022, established a presidential system and paralysed parliament. The EU is now facing a dilemma as to how to support internal democratic processes and advance implementation of the EU-Tunisia Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), which prioritises measures against irregular migration.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Analisi approfondita - The evolving powers of the European �Ϸ��վ - 13-09-2024

Fri, 13 Sep 2024 07:48:13 GMT

�Ϸ��վ has come a long way since its inception in 1951. Initially a consultative body composed of delegations of national parliaments, it has become a directly elected institution, has obtained budgetary and legislative powers, and now exercises influence over most aspects of EU affairs. Together with representatives of national governments, who sit in the Council, �Ϸ��վ co-decides on European legislation, in what could be seen as a bicameral legislature at EU level. This publication presents �Ϸ��վ's powers, including the most recent changes following the reform of �Ϸ��վ's Rules of Procedure in April 2024.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Sri Lanka's 2024 presidential elections - 12-09-2024

Wed, 11 Sep 2024 22:00:00 GMT

With a multi-ethnic and multi-religious population of 22 million, Sri Lanka is a country strategically located in South Asia at the crossroads of major shipping routes in the Indo-Pacific region. This lower middle-income country has undergone a severe economic crisis, whose consequences have been exacerbated by its economic and monetary policies, not to mention the 2019 terrorist attacks and the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, Sri Lanka defaulted, and widespread popular protests prompted the resignation of the prime minister followed by the president, posts held by the Rajapaksa brothers. Ranil Wickremesinghe took over as president. The country has received assistance from the International Monetary Fund and negotiated a key debt restructuring deal in June 2024. India and China are competing to expand their influence in the country because of its geo-strategic location in the Indo-Pacific. The 99-year lease of Hambantota port to China in 2017, feeding the debt-trap narrative, has increased Indian and United States (US) concerns. Colombo boasts a nonaligned foreign policy, and has remained neutral on the war in Ukraine. European Union–Sri Lanka relations are based on a comprehensive cooperation agreement on partnership and development, which entered into force in 1995. Sri Lanka benefits from enhanced access to the European Union (EU) market under the generalised system of preferences plus, of which it is the third-largest beneficiary. �Ϸ��վ – like other international stakeholders – has underlined the importance of a national reconciliation process given the unaddressed legacy of the 1983–2009 civil war against the Tamil insurgency. �Ϸ��վ has also expressed concern over Sri Lanka's continuous application of the Prevention of Terrorism Act, systematically used for arbitrary arrests. Against this backdrop, Sri Lanka's presidential elections will take place on 21 September 2024. The EU has deployed an election observation mission, with MEP Nacho Sánchez Amor (S&D, Spain) as Chief Observer.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

In sintesi - Deputati al Parlamento europeo 2024‑2029 - 19-07-2024

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 07:06:23 GMT

Nel giugno 2024 i cittadini europei hanno votato i rappresentanti che difenderanno i loro interessi al Parlamento europeo per i prossimi cinque anni. Le elezioni di quest'anno hanno registrato un'affluenza del 51,1 %, leggermente superiore alle elezioni precedenti del 2019 (50,7 %). All'inizio della nuova legislatura, il numero dei gruppi politici è passato da sette a otto. La metà dei deputati sono membri neoeletti. Le donne rappresentano attualmente il 38,5 % di tutti i deputati, 2,1 punti percentuali in meno rispetto alla precedente legislatura (40,6 %). È la prima volta che questo dato diminuisce dalle prime elezioni dirette del 1979.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

In sintesi - Plenary round-up – July 2024 - 19-07-2024

Thu, 18 Jul 2024 22:00:00 GMT

The first plenary session of the tenth parliamentary term took place in Strasbourg from 16 to 19 July 2024. The Members of the new �Ϸ��վ (sitting from 2024 to 2029) elected certain of their peers to the most important offices in �Ϸ��վ – the President, Vice-Presidents and Quaestors. During this session, Members also decided on the numerical strength of the standing committees, sub-committees and delegations. They held a debate on the need for the EU's continued support for Ukraine, and then adopted a resolution reiterating support for Ukraine and condemning, in particular, Russia's recent attacks on the country. However, the most discussed business was the debate with the candidate for President of the European Commission, and Members' subsequent vote to confirm Ursula von der Leyen as President-elect for a new five-year mandate.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

In sintesi - Size of political groups in the European �Ϸ��վ - 18-07-2024

Wed, 17 Jul 2024 22:00:00 GMT

Our infographic provides and overview of the political groups formed in the European �Ϸ��վ after elections in June 2024. Eight political goups have been formed since the elections. The biggest group remains the EPP with 188 seats (26.1% of total), followed by S&D group with 136 seats (18.9%). Patriots for Europe, a newly formed group takes the third place with 84 seats (11.7%), ahead of ECR group (78 seats, 10.8%) and Renew Europe (77 seats, 10.7%). Three more groups - The Greens/EFA, The Left and a new group called Europe of Sovereign Nations - represent less than 10% of the seats each.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

In sintesi - Unfinished business from the ninth term - 16-07-2024

Mon, 15 Jul 2024 22:00:00 GMT

The ninth parliamentary term formally ended on 15 July 2024, ahead of the constitutive part-session of the European �Ϸ��վ elected on 6-9 June 2024. Despite their best efforts, the co legislators had not reached agreement on a number of legislative proposals before the end of the ninth term. These will form a major part of the business that needs to be picked up again in the tenth term. To ensure continuity in its work, �Ϸ��վ has adopted rules on how to deal with unfinished files.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Role and election of the President of the European Commission - 12-07-2024

Fri, 12 Jul 2024 13:50:48 GMT

With the 2024 elections now over, during its first part-session, from 16 to 19 July 2024, the new �Ϸ��վ is due to vote in a secret ballot on whether to approve the European Council's chosen candidate for President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen. She was the lead candidate for the European People's Party. In �Ϸ��վ, the candidate needs to secure 361 votes, i.e. an absolute majority of all Members (currently 720). The President of the European Commission has taken on an ever more prominent leading role within the College of Commissioners, with the increasingly presidential system rather eclipsing the principle of collegiate decision-making. The Commission President also plays a crucial role in relations between the European �Ϸ��վ and the Commission. When presenting their priorities to �Ϸ��վ prior to being elected, the candidate for Commission President sets the course for the whole term, during which they will be called to account by �Ϸ��վ. Building on this, �Ϸ��վ plays an increasingly prominent role in political agenda-setting, shaping the EU's legislative programming together with the Commission and the Council. Although more in-depth assessments of the 2019-2024 Commission presided over by Ursula von der Leyen will be made in the coming months, her presidency has been characterised by several severe crises, with the pandemic and international conflict presenting a stress test for her agenda. However, these issues did not prevent delivery on the majority of the Commission's priority initiatives. This updates a 2019 briefing by the same author, itself an update of a 2014 briefing by Eva-Maria Poptcheva.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Understanding the d'Hondt method: Allocation of parliamentary seats and leadership positions - 05-07-2024

Thu, 04 Jul 2024 22:00:00 GMT

To allocate seats in collegiate bodies, such as parliaments, a method is needed to translate votes proportionally into whole seats. The d'Hondt method is a mathematical formula that is used widely in proportional representation systems, although it leads to less proportional results than other seat allocation systems, such as the Hare-Niemeyer or Sainte-Laguë/Schepers methods. Moreover, the d'Hondt method tends to favour the electoral lists that win the most votes, to the detriment of those with fewer votes. However, it is effective in facilitating majority formation and therefore in securing parliamentary operability. The d'Hondt method is used by 15 EU Member States for elections to the European �Ϸ��վ. It is also used within �Ϸ��վ as the formula for distributing the chairs of the parliamentary committees and delegations among the political groups, and among the national delegations within some political groups. This proportional distribution of leadership positions within �Ϸ��վ prevents the dominance of political life by just one or two large political groups, ensuring that smaller political groups also have a say in setting the political agenda. Some argue, however, that this approach limits the impact of election results on the political direction of decision-making within �Ϸ��վ; they would call instead for a 'winner-takes-all' strategy. Many national parliaments in the EU also distribute committee chairs and other posts proportionally among political groups, either using the d'Hondt method or through more informal means. Others apply a 'winner-takes-more' approach, reserving only certain committee chair posts with particular relevance to government scrutiny for opposition groups. In the US House of Representatives, all committee chairs are selected from the majority party. This updates a 2019 briefing, which itself updated a 2016 briefing by Eva-Maria Poptcheva.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - The Hungarian �Ϸ��վ and EU affairs - 03-07-2024

Wed, 03 Jul 2024 13:16:16 GMT

Hungary is a parliamentary democracy with a unicameral parliament, the Országgyűlés (National Assembly). The structure and functioning of Hungary's political system are determined by the Fundamental Law of 25 April 2011, which has been amended 12 times since its entry into force in 2012. The National Assembly elects the President of the Republic (head of state), whose role is primarily representative but entails some complementary and controlling competences vis-à-vis the legislative, executive and judicial powers. The executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister, proposed by the President and elected by the National Assembly. The Prime Minister chooses the ministers, who together with him/her, compose the government. The Prime Minister also defines the government's general policy. Ministers are accountable for their actions to both the National Assembly and the Prime Minister. Only the Prime Minister can dismiss them, and the government's mandate is linked to that of the Prime Minister. This briefing is part of an EPRS series on national parliaments and EU affairs. It offers an overview of the way the EU Member States' national parliaments are structured and how they process, scrutinise and engage with EU legislation. It also refers to relevant publications by national parliaments.

Fonte : © Unione europea, 2024 - PE