Dokumenti - Think Tank - Parlament Ewropew

Studju - Regulation 1049/2001 on the right of access to documents, including the digital context - 25-09-2024

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 22:00:00 GMT

Upon request of the Committee on Petitions (PETI), the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs commissioned the present study on Regulation 1049/2001 on access to documents with a twofold objective. First, to update the analysis conducted in a 2016 study for the PETI Committee with the latest developments in the case law of the CJEU and the activities led by the European Ombudsman since then – in particular focussing on access to legislative documents, documents relating to administrative proceedings, Court proceedings, infringement proceedings, protection of privacy, international relations, and special regimes. Second, to assess the possible future alignment of the Access Regulation with the evolving digital context, including a potential revision of the definition of document, access to user-friendly public registers and internet sites, access to agendas of officials and scheduled meetings with interest representatives, and access to videos of CJEU oral hearings. The research also incorporates illustrative and complementary cases and own initiatives by the European Ombudsman as indications of evolving challenges to institutional secrecy in the EU context.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2024 - PE

Studju - Law and ICT - 30-04-2024

Mon, 29 Apr 2024 22:00:00 GMT

Exponential progress in the area of ICT improves access to data and information, which in its turn can lead to greater accessibility, reduced complexity, efficiency and respect of fundamental rights in policy, law making and implementation of law. Drafting and publication of laws need to be reformed from paper based format to modern digital media. Expertise, evidence and data should constitute mandatory elements of policy and law making. Ex-post quantified evaluation of legislation needs to be applied consistently. This study was prepared by the European �Ϸ��վ’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the JURI Committee.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Establishing an industrial emissions portal - 05-03-2024

Mon, 04 Mar 2024 23:00:00 GMT

The European Green Deal envisages a review of measures addressing pollution from large industrial installations, with a view to aligning existing legislation with the EU's zero pollution ambition, and energy, climate and circular economy policy goals. On 5 April 2022, the European Commission tabled a proposal to revise the Industrial Emissions Directive, the main European Union instrument regulating pollutant emissions from industry, together with a proposal to revise the Regulation establishing the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, relating to environmental information. The proposal seeks to upgrade the existing register to a more comprehensive and integrated industrial emissions portal, enabling more accurate monitoring of the environmental performance of large industrial activities. The main changes proposed include better alignment with the Industrial Emissions Directive, both in terms of activities covered and reporting level; inclusion of reporting on the use of resources; and integration in the database of additional relevant environmental data reported under other related EU legislation. �Ϸ��վ and the Council reached a provisional agreement on the file on 29 November 2023. The agreed text was endorsed by Member State representatives on 15 December 2023 and by �Ϸ��վ's Environment Committee on 11 January 2024. It now awaits formal adoption by the co-legislators. The vote in plenary is scheduled for the March 2024 session. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2024 - PE

Briefing - Revision of Directive (EU) 2015/2366 on Payment Services - 17-07-2023

Sun, 16 Jul 2023 22:00:00 GMT

Payment services enable digital payments through direct debits, credit transfers or payments with cards or similar devices. Within the EU, these are regulated through the revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2), which sets rules for payment services, their providers and consumer protection. Announced in September 2021 under the digital finance strategy and the retail payments strategy, the Commission published two proposals on the revision of PSD2 on 28 June 2023 as part of the financial data access and payments package. This implementation appraisal first outlines PSD2 before reviewing and summarising evaluations and assessments of its implementation already conducted by EU institutions and their advisory bodies. Overall, PSD2 is found to have contributed to the development of the European payments market and to have improved customer protection and the efficiency, transparency and choice of payment instruments. However, shortcomings pertaining to regulatory deficiencies regarding new players and services in the payments market, divergences in implementation across Member States and unclear alignment with other EU legislation remain. The proposal to revise PSD2 comprises a proposal for a directive on payment services and electronic money services (PSD3) and a proposal for a regulation on payment services in the internal market (PSR). These proposals include both payment services and electronic money services, which were previously regulated separately. With the forthcoming revision, the Commission aims to harmonise the implementation of rules on payment services across Member States, align the legislation with market and technological developments, strengthen customer protection and improve the level playing field between bank and non-bank payment service providers.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2023 - PE

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn - �Ϸ��վ's position on the data act - 08-03-2023

Wed, 08 Mar 2023 13:44:16 GMT

In February 2022, the European Commission tabled a proposal for a regulation on harmonised rules on fair access to and use of data. �Ϸ��վ's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) approved its report on the act in February 2023. �Ϸ��վ is due to vote on the report during its March I plenary session.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2023 - PE

Studju - THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION AND DISINFORMATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC - 26-01-2023

Wed, 25 Jan 2023 23:00:00 GMT

This study analyses how governments, public health experts and other professionals communicated during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the impact of these communication strategies. It investigates COVID-19 misinformation and disinformation practices, and how these practices were addressed in the European Union by the Member States and the European Commission. It draws up recommendations to improve responses in the future, including by analysing the role of the Code of Practice on disinformation ad the expected impact of the Digital Services Act.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2023 - PE

Studju - Digitalisation and administrative law - 18-11-2022

Thu, 17 Nov 2022 23:00:00 GMT

This European added value assessment seeks to support a European �Ϸ��վ legislative own-initiative report on digitalisation and administrative law (2021/2161(INL)), asking the European Commission to present a legislative proposal on an EU law on administrative procedure. The study investigates the current state of play with regard to digitalisation and the use of digital tools in EU public administration. The analysis identifies five regulatory gaps and their impact on citizens and businesses. It presents three broad possible policy options for EU action that could address the identified gaps to some extent and generate positive impacts for citizens and businesses.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2022 - PE

Briefing - Tackling industrial emissions from large agro-industrial activities - 15-09-2022

Wed, 14 Sep 2022 22:00:00 GMT

This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact assessment (IA) accompanying the above-mentioned proposal for a revision of the Industrial Emissions Directive (IED), and the proposal for a revision of the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) Regulation, submitted on 5 April 2022 and referred to the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI) Committee of the European �Ϸ��վ. With the adoption of the European Green Deal (EGD), the Commission committed to revise EU measures to address pollution from large industrial installations by looking at how to make legislation fully consistent with the EGD and its policies, notably the zero pollution ambition, the climate, energy and circular economy policies, and the EU industrial strategy. Industrial emissions from agro-industrial activities harming human health and the environment are currently regulated by the IED and its reporting E-PRTR Regulation. The IA 'focuses on the processes set out in the IED and the E-PRTR to minimise pollution from agro-industrial installations in the context of the recently adopted Climate Law and the 'fit for 55' package of climate, energy and transport proposals' (IA, p. 3). The proposals were included in the Commission's 2021 work programme.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2022 - PE

Briefing - Access to justice in environmental matters: Amending the Aarhus Regulation - 21-03-2022

Sun, 20 Mar 2022 23:00:00 GMT

The European Union is party to the Aarhus Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters. The Aarhus Regulation applies the Convention's provisions to EU institutions and bodies. In 2017, the Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee, reviewing implementation by the parties, found that the EU fails to comply with its obligations under Article 9, paragraphs 3 and 4 of the convention concerning access to justice by members of the public. To address this non-compliance issue, on 14 October 2020 the European Commission put forward a legislative proposal to amend the Aarhus Regulation. The Council and �Ϸ��վ adopted their positions on 17 December 2020 and 20 May 2021, respectively. Interinstitutional negotiations, launched on 4 June 2021, concluded on 12 July with a provisional agreement. �Ϸ��վ approved the agreed text on 5 October 2021. The regulation was published in the Official Journal on 8 October 2021, and entered into force on 28 October 2021. Fourth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2022 - PE

Analiżi fil-Fond - ECB communication and its post-pandemic challenges - 31-01-2022

Sun, 30 Jan 2022 23:00:00 GMT

The ECB considers communication a critical instrument in its policy toolkit. Since its creation, the ECB has devoted significant attention to the mechanisms through which it conveys to the public information relevant to its decision-making and ensures its accountability. This policy briefing assesses whether existing ECB communication practises are adequate to continue ensuring the effectiveness and accountability of monetary policy in light of the recent and upcoming challenges that the ECB confronts. This paper was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 7 February 2022.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2022 - PE

Briefing - Addressing the dissemination of terrorist content online - 15-07-2021

Wed, 14 Jul 2021 22:00:00 GMT

Dissemination of terrorist content is one of the most widespread and most dangerous forms of misuse of online services in the field of internal security. In line with the 2015 European agenda on security, and taking into account the impact of this propaganda on the radicalisation, recruitment and training of terrorists, the European Commission launched a voluntary system for tackling terrorism online, based on guidelines and recommendations. However, given the limitations of self-regulation, in September 2018 the Commission proposed a regulation on preventing the dissemination of terrorist content online through the removal of such content within one hour of being posted. While the Council rapidly reached a position on the proposal, the European �Ϸ��վ adopted its first-reading position in April 2019. Following the European elections, and the appointment of a new rapporteur, interinstitutional trilogue negotiations on the proposal began in autumn 2019. The trilogue meetings were delayed several times, because of the coronavirus pandemic among other reasons. After a new series of terrorist attacks hit Europe in autumn 2020, �Ϸ��վ and Council reached political agreement on 10 December 2020. The most contentious issues related to the cross-border effect of withdrawal orders and to the use of automated filters to detect terrorist content online. After the Council adopted the text on 16 March 2021, �Ϸ��վ adopted it in plenary on 28 April. The Regulation entered into force on 6 June and will apply as of 7 June 2022. Third edition of a briefing originally drafted by François Théron. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2021 - PE

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn - Access to justice in environmental matters - 12-05-2021

Tue, 11 May 2021 22:00:00 GMT

During the May plenary session, �Ϸ��վ is due to vote on a report adopted by its Environment Committee, on a proposal aimed at ensuring EU compliance with its obligations as a party to the 1998 Aarhus Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2021 - PE

Briefing - EU Trade Policy: how can FTAs better deliver for SMEs? - 08-03-2021

Thu, 25 Mar 2021 23:00:00 GMT

These briefings discuss how free trade agreements (FTAs) can help small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It provides an overview of FTAs with provisions supporting SMEs internationalise. Based on a literature review, we also discuss the main challenges and concerns for SMEs doing business in third countries. First, we show the current situation of European SMEs with respect to internationalisation and highlight the corresponding benefits. Following previous literature on the topic, we distinguish between SMEs without international operations and SMEs that are already internationalised and discuss how different barriers can affect them. Finally, the last section discusses initiatives at the EU and national level to support SMEs and concludes with a set of recommendations how to better support them.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2021 - PE

Studju - Responsible private funding of litigation - 04-03-2021

Wed, 03 Mar 2021 23:00:00 GMT

A responsible TPLF regulatory framework should aim at lowering costs, simplifying unnecessary procedures, increasing the predictability of costs, and delivering efficient services at costs that are proportionate to the amounts in dispute. We explored additional effective safeguards and a number of policy options regarding the contractual, ethical and procedural aspects of TPLF. We then estimated the European added value (EAV) for two alternatives, namely a moderate and a strong regulatory approach scenario using a standard benefits-costs analytical conceptual framework.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2021 - PE

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn - The European Ombudsman's activities in 2019 - 03-03-2021

Wed, 03 Mar 2021 14:01:50 GMT

At the first plenary session of March 2021, the European �Ϸ��վ is set to discuss and adopt a resolution on the European Ombudsman's activities in the year 2019, based on the Ombudsman's annual report presented on 4 May 2020. The report covers the final year of Emily O'Reilly's first mandate as Ombudsman before her re election for a second term in late December 2019.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2021 - PE

Studju - CAN NATURE GET IT RIGHT? A Study on Rights of Nature in the European Context - 01-03-2021

Tue, 23 Mar 2021 23:00:00 GMT

This study, commissioned by the European �Ϸ��վ’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the JURI Committee, explores the concept of “Rights of Nature” (RoN) and its different aspects in legal philosophy and international agreements, as well as in legislation and case-law on different levels. The study delves on the ideas of rights of nature in comparison with rights to nature, legal personhood and standing in court for natural entities, and analyses ECtHR and CJEU case-law on access to justice in environmental decision-making. It emphasises, in particular, the need to strengthen the requirements for independent scientific evaluations in certain permit regimes under EU law. The study also highlights the crucial importance of promoting the role of civil society as watchdog over the implementation of EU environmental law by way of a wider access to justice via both the national courts and the CJEU, which is also in line with the political priorities for delivering the European Green Deal.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2021 - PE

Briefing - Non-financial Reporting Directive - 28-01-2021

Wed, 27 Jan 2021 23:00:00 GMT

In line with the European Green Deal, a key element to foster sustainable growth and finance the green transition will be to channel funding in economic activities that contribute to environmental, social and governance-related objectives. Directive 2014/95/EU on the disclosure of non-financial and diversity information (NFRD) has set the EU on a clear course towards greater business transparency and accountability on social and environmental issues. It helps to measure, monitor and manage companies' performance and their impact on society. However, as this briefing shows, the NFRD suffers from several deficiencies such as lack of comparability, reliability and relevance of non-financial information provided. The Commission therefore intends to review the NFRD in the first quarter of 2021.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2021 - PE

Studju - The role of Points of Single Contact and other information services in the Single Market - 20-10-2020

Tue, 20 Oct 2020 22:00:00 GMT

This study analyses the role and development of Points of Single Contact and other information services. It reviews recent policy documents, and identifies a range of weaknesses for the provision of contact points. The main recommendations are to improve monitoring (using the indicators and the Single Market Scoreboard) and make use of infringement proceedings in case of non-compliance. The actions could build on the instruments available under the recent Single Digital Gateway Regulation. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO).

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2020 - PE

Analiżi fil-Fond - Reaching a Wider Audience: Is the ECB Trending? - 15-01-2020

Tue, 04 Feb 2020 23:00:00 GMT

Central banks are increasingly recognising the importance of communicating with the wider public. We document that interest in monetary policy is intermittent, usually linked to major decisions and/or personnel changes. The ECB should not expect that every one of its decisions is noticed by the general public. The Monetary Dialogue fulfils the typical function of a representative democracy in which citizens delegate to their elected representatives the task of monitoring policy implementation by independent institutions. This document was provided by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2020 - PE

Analiżi fil-Fond - The ECB’s Communication Strategy: Limits and Challenges After the Financial Crisis - 15-01-2020

Tue, 04 Feb 2020 23:00:00 GMT

Given its central role in public accountability and in the formation of expectations, it is important to reflect on ways to improve the ECB’s communication policy. Communication should not generally strive for maximum transparency. The optimum degree of transparency varies between different aspects of monetary policy and banking supervision. Although the ECB already communicates very openly with the public and achieves a very high level of transparency in all aspects, we see room for improvement in its communication strategy in several respects. This document was provided by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2020 - PE

Briefing - Is data the new oil? Competition issues in the digital economy - 08-01-2020

Wed, 08 Jan 2020 13:14:51 GMT

The global debate on the extent to which current competition policy rules are sufficient to deal with the fast-moving digital economy has never been more pertinent. An important part of this debate concerns the market power of large high-tech companies that dominate many online markets. The main factors behind these developments are economies of scale and scope, network externalities, and the rising economic significance of data, which are a highly valuable commodity in an online economy. While being indispensable to the development of potential game changers – such as artificial intelligence – data are also a crucial input to many online services, production processes, and logistics – making it a critical element in the value chain of many different industries. Data-dependent markets are also characterised by a high level of concentration and, according to many experts, high entry barriers relating to access to and ownership of data – which make it difficult to challenge the incumbent companies. On the other hand, the large players are generally considered to be very productive and innovative. Some studies, however, show that the diffusion of know-how and innovation between the market leaders and the rest of the economy may be affecting competiveness in general. One possible way to correct these shortcomings is to regulate the sharing of data. While the risks of policy-making in this field are generally well-known and centre around the need to protect privacy – particularly where personal data are involved – and to prevent the collusive aspects of data sharing, there is currently no global model to follow. The European Union has taken multiple initiatives to unlock data markets through modern, user-centred laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the regulation on the reuse of public sector information. The global thinking seems to gradually favour more prudent oversight of the market, considering its economic heft.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2020 - PE

Briefing - Preventing the dissemination of terrorist content online - 04-02-2019

Mon, 04 Feb 2019 10:57:48 GMT

The Commission is a legislative measure to introduce measures to prevent the misuse of hosting services for the dissemination of terrorist content online. This initial appraisal of the Commission’s impact assessment on the proposal finds that the impact assessment clearly determines the problems with the status quo, but is short on detail in outlining the options to tackle these problems. The Impact assessment is particularly sensitive to concerns of encroachment on fundamental rights and freedoms and makes a distinctive effort to highlight the proportionality of the measures proposed and the safeguards to fundamental rights and freedoms integrated within.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2019 - PE

Briefing - Free flow of non-personal data in the European Union - 25-01-2019

Thu, 24 Jan 2019 23:00:00 GMT

One of the 16 key elements of the Commission’s digital single market strategy, presented in 2015, was a legislative proposal to facilitate the free flow of non-personal data. The mid-term review of the digital single market in 2017 identified the data economy as one of the top three priority areas in the second half of the strategy’s implementation. It found the European data economy could grow 18-fold, given favourable policy and legislative conditions, representing 4 % of EU GDP by 2020. On 13 September 2017, the Commission tabled a proposal for a regulation aimed at removing obstacles to the free movement of non-personal data across borders. It focuses on removing the geographical restrictions on data storage in the internal market, a move long demanded by stakeholders. In addition, the Commission proposes self-regulation to facilitate switching cloud-service-providers for professional users. Other, less widely agreed aspects, such as access rights and liability were left for future proposals. �Ϸ��վ adopted the legislation on 3 October 2018 and it was approved by the Council of Ministers on 9 November. The regulation was signed by both institutions on 14 November and published in the Official Journal on 28 November. It will be directly applicable in all Member States from 18 June 2019. Fourth edition. The ‘EU Legislation in Progress’ briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure. Please note this document has been designed for on-line viewing.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2019 - PE

Briefing - Single digital gateway - 19-12-2018

Tue, 18 Dec 2018 23:00:00 GMT

As part of the ‘compliance package’, the Commission intends to provide a single digital entry point to offer easy and efficient online access for businesses and citizens, comprising: (1) information about Union and national law and administrative requirements, (2) procedures, such as company registration, and (3) services providing assistance upon request. The portal would serve start-ups and growing companies, as well as helping companies conducting business in another country. Access to these services would be non-discriminatory, i.e. citizens and businesses from other Member States would have full access to the information and services, and this not only in the language used in the country in which they want to do business. The proposal builds on several existing schemes, such as single points of entry at national level; these cover only a few fields, are not always interconnected, suffer from being little known and are therefore underutilised. In May 2018, trilogues concluded with a provisional agreement, which was then confirmed by both �Ϸ��վ and Council. The final act was signed on 2 October 2018.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2018 - PE

Studju - Societal costs of “Fake news” in the Digital Single Market - 14-12-2018

Thu, 17 Jan 2019 23:00:00 GMT

This in-depth analysis explores the mechanisms of “fake news” and its societal costs in the Digital Single Market. It describes the risks to the integrity of information and to the integrity of elections. It highlights the roles of the various actors involved in the production and amplification of such information disorders. Finally, it outlines responses that are being tested in different parts of Europe to deal with the issue. The document has been provided by Policy Department A at the request of the European �Ϸ��վ Committee on the Internal Market and Consumer Protection.

Sors : © Unjoni Ewropea, 2018 - PE

Dokumenti - Think Tank - Parlament Ewropew

Studju - Regulation 1049/2001 on the right of access to documents, including the digital context - 25-09-2024

Studju - Law and ICT - 30-04-2024

Briefing - Establishing an industrial emissions portal - 05-03-2024

Briefing - Revision of Directive (EU) 2015/2366 on Payment Services - 17-07-2023

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn - �Ϸ�������վ's position on the data act - 08-03-2023

Studju - THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION AND DISINFORMATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC - 26-01-2023

Studju - Digitalisation and administrative law - 18-11-2022

Briefing - Tackling industrial emissions from large agro-industrial activities - 15-09-2022

Briefing - Access to justice in environmental matters: Amending the Aarhus Regulation - 21-03-2022

Analiżi fil-Fond - ECB communication and its post-pandemic challenges - 31-01-2022

Briefing - Addressing the dissemination of terrorist content online - 15-07-2021

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn - Access to justice in environmental matters - 12-05-2021

Briefing - EU Trade Policy: how can FTAs better deliver for SMEs? - 08-03-2021

Studju - Responsible private funding of litigation - 04-03-2021

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn - The European Ombudsman's activities in 2019 - 03-03-2021

Studju - CAN NATURE GET IT RIGHT? A Study on Rights of Nature in the European Context - 01-03-2021

Briefing - Non-financial Reporting Directive - 28-01-2021

Studju - The role of Points of Single Contact and other information services in the Single Market - 20-10-2020

Analiżi fil-Fond - Reaching a Wider Audience: Is the ECB Trending? - 15-01-2020

Analiżi fil-Fond - The ECB’s Communication Strategy: Limits and Challenges After the Financial Crisis - 15-01-2020

Briefing - Is data the new oil? Competition issues in the digital economy - 08-01-2020

Briefing - Preventing the dissemination of terrorist content online - 04-02-2019

Briefing - Free flow of non-personal data in the European Union - 25-01-2019

Briefing - Single digital gateway - 19-12-2018

Studju - Societal costs of “Fake news” in the Digital Single Market - 14-12-2018

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn - �Ϸ��վ's position on the data act - 08-03-2023