Dokumenty - Think Tank - Parlament Europejski

W skrócie - COP29 climate change conference: Outcomes - 26-11-2024

Mon, 25 Nov 2024 23:00:00 GMT

The 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, in Baku, Azerbaijan, ended on 24 November 2024, two days late. The conference adopted a new collective quantified goal on climate finance destined towards developing countries, and finalised the rules for the operationalisation of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which provides for bilateral and global carbon trading.

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Briefing - CO₂ emission performance standards and reporting obligations for new heavy-duty vehicles - 10-09-2024

Mon, 09 Sep 2024 22:00:00 GMT

Road transport is a major contributor to climate change. CO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) have grown steadily and account for over a quarter of road transport CO2 emissions. On 14 February 2023, the European Commission tabled a legislative proposal to revise Regulation (EU) 2019/1242 setting CO2 emission standards for new HDVs in the EU. The proposed revision would expand the scope of the regulation to include urban buses, coaches, trailers and additional types of lorries. The average CO2 emissions of trucks and coaches, compared with 2019 levels, would have to fall by 45 % from 2030, by 65 % from 2035, and by 90 % from 2040 onwards. The proposal set a target date when all newly registered urban buses would have to be zero-emission vehicles. The co-legislators reached a provisional agreement on the proposal in January 2024. The regulation was adopted on 14 May 2024, entered into force on 26 June 2024, and started applying from 1 July 2024. Fifth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.

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W skrócie - Monitorowanie i odporność gleb - 08-04-2024

Mon, 08 Apr 2024 09:25:30 GMT

W niezwykle zróżnicowanych glebach kryje się ponad 25 % zasobów całej różnorodności biologicznej i są one drugim co do wielkości rezerwuarem węgla na świecie. Podczas pierwszego posiedzenia plenarnego w kwietniu 2024 r. Parlament Europejski ma przyjąć w pierwszym czytaniu swoje stanowisko w sprawie wniosku Komisji Europejskiej mającego na celu ustanowienie pierwszych w historii ogólnounijnych wspólnych ram dotyczących gleb.

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W skrócie - Unijne ramy certyfikacji usuwania dwutlenku węgla - 08-04-2024

Mon, 08 Apr 2024 09:15:56 GMT

Aby osiągnąć neutralność klimatyczną do 2050 r., konieczne będzie usuwanie dwutlenku węgla w celu zrównoważenia pozostałych trudnych do zredukowania emisji, a od 2050 r. – osiągnięcie ujemnych emisji zgodnie z unijnym prawem o klimacie. Proponowane ramy certyfikacji mają na celu zapewnienie przejrzystych i wiarygodnych ram zarządzania służących budowaniu zaufania do certyfikowanego przez UE usuwania dwutlenku węgla oraz zachęcanie do dalszego wdrażania tych działań. Współprawodawcy osiągnęli wstępne porozumienie w lutym 2024 r. Oczekuje się, że Parlament Europejski zagłosuje nad tekstem końcowym podczas pierwszej sesji plenarnej w kwietniu.

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W skrócie - What if the problem with cars was not their method of propulsion? - 04-03-2024

Sun, 03 Mar 2024 23:00:00 GMT

The European automotive industry is striving to adapt to market changes driven by the dual green and digital transition. Electrification has become the main strategy for reducing CO2 emissions, especially in urban traffic. At the same time, the average size and weight of cars have greatly increased. Big electric cars are the trend, but are they really the solution? Could better planning and optimisation of resources help?

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W skrócie - W kierunku czystszego powietrza dla Europy - 06-09-2023

Wed, 06 Sep 2023 06:43:34 GMT

Podczas wrześniowej sesji plenarnej Parlament przeprowadzi głosowanie nad sprawozdaniem przyjętym przez Komisję Ochrony Środowiska Naturalnego, Zdrowia Publicznego i Bezpieczeństwa Żywności (ENVI) w sprawie wniosku dotyczącego przeglądu prawodawstwa UE dotyczącego jakości powietrza. Przyjęte w głosowaniu sprawozdanie będzie zarazem stanowiskiem Parlamentu w negocjacjach z Radą, która musi jeszcze uzgodnić podejście ogólne.

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Briefing - EU protein strategy - 19-07-2023

Tue, 18 Jul 2023 22:00:00 GMT

The EU is largely self-sufficient in agricultural products, thanks to its common agricultural policy (CAP). However, the EU livestock sector is critically dependent on imports of plant-based proteins for animal feed, especially soybeans, from Argentina, Brazil and the United States (US). The links between protein imports and deforestation, on the one hand, and the substantial greenhouse emissions (GHG) from animal farming, on the other, are also lending greater prominence to the use of plant-based proteins in human nutrition. The European Union (EU) has long aimed to reduce its protein import dependency, but Russia's invasion of Ukraine has exacerbated the need to shield EU agriculture from price volatility and trade disruptions. At their informal meeting in Versailles of March 2022, EU leaders identified 'increasing the EU production of plant-based proteins' as a means to improve the EU's food security and reduce food prices. Further to this high-level political declaration, the European Commission is expected to review its protein policy in the first quarter of 2024, reviving hopes for a comprehensive EU protein strategy. Some of the proposals being considered to close the EU's protein gap include encouraging the domestic production of protein-rich crops, which have received substantial support in the CAP national strategic plans for the 2023-2027 period. Diversifying the available protein sources for food and feed is another way of reducing the EU's deficit. These sources include microbial, insect and seaweed proteins. Finally, greater efficiency and circularity in the way food is produced and consumed would also contribute to the EU's protein self-sufficiency and to mitigating the environmental footprint of its agri-food sector. �Ϸ��վ's Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI) has prepared a draft report on a European protein strategy (rapporteur: Emma Wiesner (Renew, Sweden). Some 716 amendments to the draft report have been submitted ahead of the vote in the AGRI committee.

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Briefing - Updating CO2 emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles - 31-05-2023

Tue, 30 May 2023 22:00:00 GMT

The IA is underpinned by solid internal and external expertise and based on integrated modelling coherent with the interlinked European Green Deal and the REPowerEU initiatives. It is transparent on methods, builds on specifically updated assumptions and addresses potential uncertainties with two sensitivity analyses. Despite slight weaknesses in the definition of the problems and objectives, the intervention logic of the initiative is clear. The IA's annexes contain a lot of relevant information and form part of the analysis, notably as regards the policy options' details and their assessment. The IA's accessibility and transparency would have benefitted from a more coherent presentation of the options' features, their interlinkages and the effect on the selection of the preferred options, particularly for non-expert readers. For the level of emission targets, the IA leaves the choice of a 'preferred' option to the policymakers, while indicating that the highest targets would lead to the fastest deployment of ZEV and to a strengthening of EU innovation and competitiveness. It considers the impact on SMEs in a proportionate manner, also based on their targeted consultation.

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Briefing - Certification of carbon removals - 17-05-2023

Tue, 16 May 2023 22:00:00 GMT

The IA is convincing on the need to expand sustainable carbon removals and encourage innovative solutions to capture, recycle and store CO2. It points to the transboundary nature of climate change as justifying EU action, but the proportionality of the initiative is not discussed and there is no subsidiarity grid to further clarify the proposal's subsidiarity and proportionality aspects. The IA identifies three problems hindering effective and sustainable carbon removal activities; it describes them sufficiently well, but could have given more detail as to their scale in more detail. The IA suggests two sets of policy options (POs) (quality options and governance options) with two alternatives to the baseline per set of options; this raises the question whether the four possible combinations of POs provide a sufficient range of options. The IA assesses the initiative's environmental, economic and social impacts and links them to seven SDGs. It compares the four POs packages for their effectiveness and efficiency. It describes their coherence with other policy initiatives and instruments, and concludes that the preferred option is where the Commission develops certification methodologies and ensures the correct implementation of the framework. An SME test was done and concluded that SMEs were expected to provide a 'very significant contribution to the implementation of the initiative', which 'potentially offers significant financial opportunities for economic operators in these sectors'. The IA discusses the discarded options, such as a mandatory requirement for all EU operators to certify carbon removals in line with the EU framework. The voluntary nature of the initiative could have been explained more clearly. Although the initiative is apparently supported by the majority of stakeholders and the IA consistently refers to stakeholders' opinions and is well founded on available evidence, stakeholders' views on the preferred option could have been presented more transparently. The IA refers to an extensive literature and relevant recent studies; links are provided to most of footnotes and reference documents are mentioned, increasing the transparency and accessibility of the information used.

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Badanie - Research for TRAN Committee: Assessment of the potential of sustainable fuels in transport - 31-03-2023

Thu, 30 Mar 2023 22:00:00 GMT

This study provides the European �Ϸ��վ’s Committee on Transport and Tourism (TRAN) with an assessment of the potential of sustainable fuels to decarbonise the transport sector, and help the sector achieve the 2050 decarbonisation goals. It assesses their potential for use in maritime, aviation and road transport, considering their technology readiness, feedstock availability, sustainability of supply, resource and energy efficiency, and the most appropriate match-making between fuels and applications.

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Badanie - Research for TRAN committee: Environmental challenges through the life cycle of battery electric vehicles - 27-03-2023

Sun, 26 Mar 2023 22:00:00 GMT

This study provides an up-to-date expert assessment and comparison between the life cycle’s carbon footprint of BEV and ICEV passenger cars. It presents evidence from the literature and from LCA modelling and concludes with policy recommendations. The analysis includes sensitivities, regional variations for six Member States, and also the effects of technical and legislative development on the potential outlook up to 2050.

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W skrócie - G7 climate club - 06-03-2023

Sun, 05 Mar 2023 23:00:00 GMT

Open, cooperative and inclusive – these are the adjectives used by the Group of Seven (G7) leaders to describe the climate club, a global initiative launched in December 2022 to accelerate the implementation of the Paris Agreement. Its objective is to encourage nations with bold climate goals to join forces as a way to speed up the transition towards net-zero emissions by 2050 and contribute to reaching the targets of the Paris Agreement on climate change. A climate club may help to address coordination and implementation challenges arising from other instruments and initiatives, such as the EU's new carbon border adjustment mechanism and Green Deal industrial plan, and the US Inflation Reduction Act.

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W skrócie - E-commerce and the EU Green Deal - Analysis of the environmental footprint of online sales in the context of the circular economy - 16-01-2023

Sun, 15 Jan 2023 23:00:00 GMT

The rise of online sales and marketplaces poses new challenges to product safety, consumer protection, and unfair business practices. At the same time, e-commerce has the potential to facilitate more sustainable production processes and consumption patterns and ensure more circularity. This study provides information on the role of e-commerce in implementing the European Green Deal and makes recommendations for future action. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection (IMCO).

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Badanie - E-commerce and the EU Green Deal - Analysis of the environmental footprint of online sales in the context of the circular economy - 07-12-2022

Tue, 06 Dec 2022 23:00:00 GMT

Badanie - Research for AGRI Committee: Agricultural potential in carbon sequestration Humus content of land used for agriculture and CO2 storage in soil - 28-06-2022

Mon, 27 Jun 2022 22:00:00 GMT

To reach the climate neutrality envisaged in the Green Deal by 2050, reducing agricultural GHG emissions is not enough, and efforts to implement large scale carbon sequestration in European agricultural soils will be necessary. The renewed CAP includes improvements in environmental conditionality and foresees eco-schemes and agri-environmental measures that can help achieve this goal. Carbon sequestration in soil is cost-effective, but improvements in methodology are still required, as well as the cooperation between the public and private sectors.

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Badanie - Moving towards Zero-Emission Steel - 16-12-2021

Wed, 15 Dec 2021 23:00:00 GMT

This study is assessing the European steel industry’s possible decarbonisation pathways in light of the European Commission’s “Fit for 55” package, by evaluating available technology options and the adequacy of available funding streams. The paper shows that options based solely on existing production processes have limited potential to achieve the required emission reductions. Full decarbonisation options will require the widespread availability of green electricity, hydrogen and/or CCS/CCUS infrastructure. It is important that flexibility in the choice of technology decarbonisation options is maintained to account for differences in regional characteristics including natural resources and infrastructure.

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W skrócie - What if ecolabels could nudge us to choose greener food? - 11-11-2021

Wed, 10 Nov 2021 23:00:00 GMT

The way most food is produced is harming the planet. A profound change is needed, involving all agri-food actors. As consumers, we sit at the end of the agri-food chain. Our daily dietary choices implicitly support certain food systems, production methods and types of food. What could help us make better choices?

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Badanie - Research for TRAN Committee - The aviation and maritime sectors and the EU ETS: challenges and impacts - 25-10-2021

Sun, 24 Oct 2021 22:00:00 GMT

Based on the EU Commission’s Fit for 55 proposals published in July 2021, this report discusses the challenges and impacts resulting from the integration of the maritime sector in the EU ETS, and a more stringent EU ETS for aviation. It considers implementation challenges and consequences for the competitiveness of European stakeholders, e.g. caused by carbon leakage, and impacts on sectoral employment. Based on the initial analysis and the results of stakeholder consultations, recommendations on how to overcome implementation issues and adverse competitive and societal effects are provided.

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Badanie - Meeting the Green Deal objectives by alignment of technology and behaviour - 09-07-2021

Thu, 08 Jul 2021 22:00:00 GMT

This study explores the prospects of aligning citizens' behaviour with the objectives of the European Green Deal in the domains of food consumption and mobility. Creating a climate-neutral and resource-efficient European economy requires a deep transformation of energy, mobility and food systems, as well as a change in production and consumption practices. Such profound change will impact both individuals and society. At the same time, the transition to sustainability will not succeed if people do not support it by adapting their behaviour and consumption patterns. This would imply change towards 'sustainable behaviour'. The study explores options for such sustainable behaviour, with a focus on mobility and food consumption. It identifies key challenges and possibilities in each domain and explores how technological solutions can help people adapt to sustainable behaviour in alignment with the objectives of the European Green Deal.

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Briefing - New consumer agenda - 03-02-2021

Tue, 02 Feb 2021 23:00:00 GMT

Consumer expenditure accounted for 52.6 % of European Union gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019. Meanwhile, in the same year, one in five consumers said they had had at least one reason to complain about a purchase the previous year – a number largely unchanged for a decade. Increasingly, consumers do their shopping online. One in six people bought at least one item online in 2019. Yet while online shopping is now ubiquitous, European rules have lagged behind. On 13 November 2020, the European Commission published a new consumer agenda – its strategy for consumer policy for the 2020-2025 period. The strategy aims to address five long-term priorities: the green transition, digital transformation, redress and the enforcement of consumer rights, the specific needs of certain consumer groups, and international cooperation. In addition, it proposes measures to address immediate challenges that have emerged during the pandemic. Over the next five-year period, the Commission plans to empower consumers for the green transition: giving them information on the sustainability of products; establishing a right to repair; and laying down rules regarding green claims. It plans to tackle problematic practices on online marketplaces, fix the gaps in rules on product safety, especially for products sold online, and improve enforcement of existing rules. At the same time, it plans to improve protection of vulnerable groups, especially people who do not have access to the internet, and children. It plans to revise the rules for retail banking and improve financial advice services in Member States. Although the European �Ϸ��վ has not adopted a resolution on the consumer agenda per se, it has adopted several legislative and non-legislative resolutions on topics covered by the agenda, including the sustainable single market, product safety, the future digital services act and artificial intelligence. Various stakeholders have expressed their views on the new consumer agenda, both during the public consultation before it was published, and following its publication.

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Badanie - �Ϸ��վ’s carbon footprint: Towards carbon neutrality - 14-09-2020

Mon, 14 Sep 2020 22:00:00 GMT

The study analyses the European �Ϸ��վ’s (EP) carbon footprint in the context of the recent EP resolutions, in which it declared a climate emergency in Europe and requested the development of a strategy to become itself carbon-neutral by 2030. The analysis takes into account the various sources contributing to the EP’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including those related to its function in three different sites and the traveling of its Members and staff. This document was prepared by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, and the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) Unit at the request of the committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).

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Badanie - Energy-intensive industries - 01-07-2020

Tue, 30 Jun 2020 22:00:00 GMT

Energy-intensive industries need to reach climate neutrality by 2050. This study describes the technologies available for the decarbonisation of the iron and steel, chemicals, refining and cement industries as well as the existing financial instruments. Technology and policy roadmaps are presented to help shape the Green Deal and enhance the transition to a climate neutral European industry.

Źródło : © Unia Europejska, 2020 - PE