合法博彩网站

听听Le Pr茅sident. 鈥� L鈥檕rdre du jour appelle 脿 pr茅sent la br猫ve pr茅sentation du rapport d鈥橝nna听Cavazzini sur la conclusion, au nom de l鈥橴nion europ茅enne, de la convention des Nations unies sur la transparence dans l鈥檃rbitrage entre investisseurs et 脡tats fond茅 sur des trait茅s (A10-0021/2024).

听听Anna Cavazzini, rapporteur. 鈥� Mr听President, dear colleagues, 2022 was an exceptionally profitable year for energy companies. The Russian invasion of Ukraine had sent oil and gas prices skyrocketing. Both businesses and consumers were hit hard by the inflation. Meanwhile, the six largest American and European oil firms doubled their profits, to an incredible USD听219听billion. Rightfully, the EU instated a windfall profit tax targeting energy companies benefiting from the crisis.

Unfortunately, the crisis profiteers had a little known tool at hand: investment arbitration. Despite its record profiteers, the Klesch Group sued the EU for its windfall profit tax. In this case, is not running in front of EU courts; it takes place in front of a panel of private arbitrators, which can order the EU to pay hundreds of millions of taxpayers' money, without any judicial review. And the worst thing is that this case is completely running behind closed doors. There is no transparency at all.

Dear colleagues, this is one of the many examples of the dangers of investment protection clauses and of investment arbitration. In the past 10 years, the number of treaty-based investor state dispute settlement cases has more than doubled. EU Member States are under attack, but the majority of cases remain against developing countries. The amounts claims are awarded are still eye-watering. Environmental regulations are under attack. National security decisions, like the exclusion of Huawei from key telecom infrastructure, are under attack. Sanctions are under attack. The phasing-out of coal is under attack.

Dear colleagues, no matter from which Member State you are, your country is most likely facing one or several ISDS cases. Awards have been paid by your constituents' taxes, and the fact that this could happen in total secrecy is simply a scandal. The Mauritius Convention will increase transparency in those cases. At least we will know what is going on. Therefore, I strongly call for its ratification as soon as possible by the EU and its Member States.

The Mauritius Convention is an important step in the right direction, but we need more, and this 合法博彩网站 called for it already. States need to revise their investment treaties and terminate outdated ones; they need to do away with private arbitration panels; they need to immediately end the protection of fossil fuel investments and shield climate measures against investor lawsuits; they need to protect their own policy space. I think the EU is a driving force in the reform process of investment protection worldwide. We need more speed and more commitment to tackle all the other outstanding problems of ISDS.

Interventions 脿 la demande

听听Maria Grapini (S&D). 鈥� Domnule pre葯edinte, doamn膬 comisar膬, ce ne-a prezentat raportoarea noastr膬 este un subiect extrem de grav 葯i de sensibil pentru c膬 da, a葯a cum s-a spus aici, 卯n concluzii, se pot pierde bani foarte mul葲i.

Ori Europa are nevoie de bani, Europa are nevoie de bani 卯n investi葲ii, 葯i nu numai 卯n investi葲ii economice, are nevoie de bani 卯n politici sociale. Nu putem s膬 l膬s膬m 卯n urm膬. Avem sloganul nostru 鈥濶imeni s膬 nu r膬m芒n膬 卯n urm膬鈥�. Avem zone mai pu葲in dezvoltate 葯i atunci trebuie s膬 evit膬m pierderea unor bani prin procese la anumite arbitraje total netransparente 葯i cred c膬 aici trebuie s膬 facem un efort comun 鈥� Parlamentul European, Consiliul 葯i Comisia 鈥� 卯n discu葲ia cu statele membre, tocmai pentru a evita pierderi 卯n viitor pe aceste procese netransparente. Noi vorbim aici de transparen葲膬, noi vorbim aici de faptul c膬 trebuie s膬 cunoa葯tem tot ce se 卯nt芒mpl膬 卯ntr-un proces juridic, vorbim de drepturile omului, vorbim de drepturile companiilor, vorbim de drepturile institu葲iilor europene 葯i ale statelor membre.

De aceea cred 葯i fac apel la dumneavoastr膬, trebuie s膬 facem un efort comun 鈥� Comisia, Consiliul 葯i Parlamentul 鈥� pentru a evita pierderi economice.

听听Jo茫o Oliveira (The Left). 鈥� Senhor Presidente, Senhora Comiss谩ria, estas altera莽玫es relativas 脿s regras de transpar锚ncia da arbitragem internacional, naturalmente, n茫o prejudicam ter mais acesso 脿 documenta莽茫o, ter mais acesso 脿 informa莽茫o, em particular por parte do p煤blico e 茅, naturalmente, um elemento positivo.

Agora, estas altera莽玫es n茫o resolvem o problema de fundo. E o problema de fundo 茅 que, quando est谩 em causa o interesse p煤blico, t锚m de ser os tribunais do Estado, tem de ser o direito internacional e, em particular, o direito internacional privado a servir de base para a resolu莽茫o dos lit铆gios internacionais.

Porque, quando est谩 em causa o interesse p煤blico, n贸s n茫o podemos remeter para a arbitragem a resolu莽茫o dos lit铆gios, sob pena de eles ficarem capturados por quem, do ponto de vista econ贸mico, tem capacidade para influenciar a a莽茫o desses tribunais arbitrais.

N茫o podemos estar 脿 espera que um pequeno Estado contra uma grande corpora莽茫o transnacional v谩 garantir a preserva莽茫o, a defesa do seu interesse p煤blico num tribunal arbitral que n茫o est谩 obrigado a aplicar as regras materiais de direito que preservam e defendem o interesse p煤blico. E 茅 esse o sentido em que dev铆amos caminhar e n茫o o do incentivo 脿 arbitragem.

听听Lukas Sieper (NI). 鈥� Mr President, dear people of Europe, as a shadow rapporteur on this file, I would like to thank Anna Cavazzini and to state my support, as well as to describe to you the importance of this file. The EU has always been committed to transparency and facilitating public engagement with our institution and its procedures. It is important to hold all our Treaties to this standard, even those from a decade ago. It is even more important that we consider how investor-state dispute settlements play out in Brexit.

I give you the statistical most frequent example. Globally, states pay billions of euros to fossil fuel investors after climate policies negatively impact their businesses. These settlements need to always be made public. Why? Because the European Union is, at its core, a project about the rule of law, and therefore this kind of transparency is paramount to us.

听听Diana Iovanovici 艦o艧oac膬 (NI). 鈥� Domnule pre葯edinte, 卯n calitate de avocat, sunt uimit膬 s膬 v膬d cum Uniunea European膬 vrea s膬 intervin膬 卯ntr-un contract 卯ntre dou膬 p膬r葲i. Mi se pare inacceptabil, av芒nd 卯n vedere c膬 v膬 implica葲i 葯i 卯n toate litigiile din alte 葲膬ri, mai ales 卯n 葲膬rile mici 葯i subdezvoltate ca Rom芒nia, de unde lua葲i toate resursele, iar statul rom芒n nu mai are absolut nimic 葯i ne-a葲i lua toate resursele f膬r膬 s膬 ne da葲i nimic.

Mai avem 葯i partenerul strategic care a 卯n葯elat statul rom芒n. Nici nu m膬 卯ntreb de ce vre葲i s膬 interveni葲i. Este legea p膬r葲ilor, contractul, fiecare 卯葯i alege unde se judec膬 卯n arbitraj.

Problema este alta: de ce dumneavoastr膬 nu mai respecta葲i drepturile omului? De ce 卯ncerca葲i s膬 distruge葲i tot ceea ce 卯nseamn膬 economia bazat膬 pe combustibili fosili, invent芒nd probleme climatice? Pentru c膬 nu exist膬, acestea sunt numai discu葲ii care v膬 fac s膬 c芒葯tiga葲i bani, voi, marile puteri, care, bine卯n葲eles, dup膬 aceea v膬 repezi葲i asupra micilor 葲膬ri care nu mai au nici resurse, nici resurs膬 uman膬 葯i de care efectiv v膬 bate葲i joc...

(Pre葯edintele a retras cuv芒ntul vorbitoarei)

听听Lynn Boylan (The Left). 鈥� Mr President, as a shadow rapporteur, I would like to thank Ms听Cavazzini for her work on this file. For far too long, ISDS have been shrouded in secrecy and back-room dealings, seeking to undermine the work of governments across the world. And while this is a welcome first step, we must go much further.

Corporate courts serve only the interests of profit and seek to undermine the public good at every turn. We must also recognise that corporate courts represent a new and insidious form of colonialism. UN Trade and Development has highlighted that developing countries are faced with a majority of claims most often brought by companies from wealthy countries, so corporate courts also serve the interests of climate criminals, with fossil fuel companies having historically secured at least USD听82.8听billion in damages.

The EU withdrawal from the Energy Charter Treaty is welcome, but what we need to do is end corporate courts completely to stop corporate joints running roughshod over our policy-making process. Our public court systems are more than fit for purpose.

(Fin des interventions 脿 la demande)

听听Ekaterina Zaharieva, Member of the Commission. 鈥� Mr President, honourable Members of the European 合法博彩网站, let me start by thanking the European 合法博彩网站 for putting on the agenda today the conclusion by the European Union of the United Nations Convention on Transparency in Treaty-based, Investor-State Arbitration, which I will refer to as the Mauritius Convention. I would also like to thank the rapporteur and the shadow rapporteurs for the adoption of the report at committee level.

The Mauritius Convention aims to increase the transparency of dispute settlement proceedings between investors and states by applying transparency rules to investment treaties concluded before 1 April 2014. These rules provide for all documents to be made public, for hearings to be open to the public, and for interested parties to make submissions to the tribunal.

It is the first 鈥� but delayed 鈥� step of an ambitious reform of investment dispute settlement, which has been championed by this House. It is also an important step as part of the reframing of EU policy on investment protection.

Investment protection is important for EU economic interests as its shields our investors against egregious practices and political volatility abroad, offering them a level playing field against their foreign competitors in markets abroad.

Transparency in investment dispute settlement is a shared objective at international level and within the EU. Treaties concluded prior to 2014 constitute the bulk of treaties leading to disputes brought by investors against states, including increasingly against EU Member States in the EU itself. These treaties do not include any transparency rules, whose application is therefore left to the goodwill of the disputing parties. Most investors oppose transparency.

Later and more modern agreements usually incorporate transparency rules, which is the case for the EU investment protection agreements with Canada, Singapore, Vietnam and Chile, which have already been approved by the 合法博彩网站.

For the EU, the main benefit from accessing to the Mauritius Convention is to apply transparency to the Energy Charter Treaty. The EU is currently responding to two arbitration proceedings brought by investors under the Energy Charter Treaty, and only one of the claimants have accepted to apply the transparency rules.

This House's consent will also unlock the ratification by the Member States. There are around 1听200 bilateral investment agreements in the EU Member States with third countries, so having more Member States joining the convention will allow us to cover a large number of treaties and disputes.

The accession of the EU to the Mauritius Convention is, however, not the end of the road, since to be fully effective, it requires as many third states as possible to also be part of the convention. We count on the European 合法博彩网站's support for this important step towards greater transparency in investor-state dispute settlement to increase the legitimacy of the investment protection systems available to EU investors. This would also support further reform efforts conducted at the United Nations, where the EU and the Member States are steadily progressing on the establishment of a multilateral multilateral investment Court, as has been requested by this 合法博彩网站.

听听Le Pr茅sident. 鈥� Le d茅bat est clos et le vote aura lieu mercredi.