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Ukraine is the second largest country on the European continent after Russia. Its oil, coal and gas reserves, as well as its geostrategic position, ensured its important role in energy trade, both during the Soviet Union and after its collapse. However, Russia's initial invasion of Ukraine (since 2014), followed by a full-scale war of aggression against the country, have had severe human and economic impacts. In the energy area, for example, Russia's strategy has been to weaponise (e.g. the occupation ...

The six countries that make up the region known as the Western Balkans differ in terms of size, population, economy, energy mix and energy import dependency. At the same time, they share common elements because of their geographical proximity, and 鈥� in some cases 鈥� common policies adopted in the past. An example is their ageing infrastructure dating back to the 1970s, which was damaged during the conflicts in former Yugoslavia. Another common element (except for Albania) is their reliance on solid ...

The energy system is a cornerstone of the United States (US) economy and competitiveness. The country's energy mix in 2022 was well-diversified, consisting of two thirds natural gas and oil, with the rest almost equal proportions of coal, nuclear and renewables. By using its vast reserves in fossil fuels and applying new extraction technologies, the US has managed to increase its fossil fuel production significantly over the past 10 years and, since 2019, it has become a net energy exporter for the ...

In this issue... 鈼� US President Trump starts enacting his economic policy agenda and threatens the EU with tariffs. 鈼� Headline inflation falls to 2.4% as underlying indicators ease. 鈼� ECB reduces key policy rate by 25 bps. 鈼� The euro continues to strengthen against the dollar amid growing uncertainty on US鈥檚 tariffs. 鈼� The Fed keeps rate unchanged among economic uncertainty while challenges to independence arise. 鈼� ECB reckons new US approach to cryptos and CBDCs strengthens the case for ...

Malta is legally bound to reach climate neutrality by 2050. In 2023, the country accounted for around 0.1 % of the EU's net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and achieved a net emissions reduction of 20.7 % compared with 2005 (see trajectory in Figure 1). In 2023, emissions from sectors covered by the effort-sharing legislation increased by 32.3 % since 2005, and were significantly above those from sectors under the EU emissions trading system (ETS), which were down 59.8 % over the same period. Malta's ...

The original full study explores the current and future flexibility needs in the electricity system as well as existing and potential solutions to efficiently integrate renewable energy and facilitate electrification of end-uses. Key findings highlight the importance of flexible electricity generation, demand response and energy storage solutions for daily, weekly, and seasonal flexibility provision. However, challenges persist due to inadequate market rules and regulatory frameworks, and economic ...

This study explores the current and future flexibility needs in the electricity system as well as existing and potential solutions to efficiently integrate renewable energy and facilitate electrification of end-uses. Key findings highlight the importance of flexible electricity generation, demand response and energy storage solutions for daily, weekly, and seasonal flexibility provision. However, challenges persist due to inadequate market rules and regulatory frameworks, and economic issues. The ...

Much of the relationship between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) is set out in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), which came fully into force in May 2021. The depth and complexity of relations between the EU and the UK following the latter's withdrawal on 31 January 2020 vary depending on the policy area concerned. For example, the TCA devotes many more articles to energy relations than to climate relations. This is due to a variety of reasons, but can often be partially ...

Russia's war in Ukraine led the EU to take measures for its energy security. Three years later, the results are positive, but more can be done to further lower reliance on Russian fossil fuels and nuclear energy in the EU. The Commission is due to make a statement on the issue during the March plenary session.

This paper has been drafted to assist the European 合法博彩网站's Committees on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) and on Budgets (BUDG) in the context of their work on an implementation report on the Recovery and Resilience Facility. Based on publicly available information, it provides a literature review of EU reports and academic papers on the state of play of the implementation of the Recovery and Resilience Facility. It also summarises the main topics of recent parliamentary resolutions and ...