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Ukraine is the second largest country on the European continent after Russia. Its oil, coal and gas reserves, as well as its geostrategic position, ensured its important role in energy trade, both during the Soviet Union and after its collapse. However, Russia's initial invasion of Ukraine (since 2014), followed by a full-scale war of aggression against the country, have had severe human and economic impacts. In the energy area, for example, Russia's strategy has been to weaponise (e.g. the occupation ...

The six countries that make up the region known as the Western Balkans differ in terms of size, population, economy, energy mix and energy import dependency. At the same time, they share common elements because of their geographical proximity, and 鈥� in some cases 鈥� common policies adopted in the past. An example is their ageing infrastructure dating back to the 1970s, which was damaged during the conflicts in former Yugoslavia. Another common element (except for Albania) is their reliance on solid ...

The energy system is a cornerstone of the United States (US) economy and competitiveness. The country's energy mix in 2022 was well-diversified, consisting of two thirds natural gas and oil, with the rest almost equal proportions of coal, nuclear and renewables. By using its vast reserves in fossil fuels and applying new extraction technologies, the US has managed to increase its fossil fuel production significantly over the past 10 years and, since 2019, it has become a net energy exporter for the ...

In this paper, we propose and analyse four scenarios of a second Trump administration鈥檚 economic policy and its impact on Europe, ranging all the way from moderate tariffs to full trade war, a full multilateral breakdown with the US leaving the IMF down to a more cooperative exchange rate realignment agreement. We assess two trade scenarios quantitatively and outline broader policy shocks and their economic consequences. Our findings highlight significant challenges for the ECB, requiring responses ...

The first quarter of 2025 has been a very busy one for the European Council, with EU leaders having already convened three times before their regular March meeting 鈥� once for an informal retreat on defence on 3 February, in a video-conference on 26 February and then for a special European Council meeting on 6 March. The increasingly complex geopolitical situation, as well as the current strains on the transatlantic relationship, make the regular March meeting a crucial one. According to the Leaders ...

On 6 December 2024, the European Union (EU) and the four founding members of Mercosur 鈥� Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay 鈥� reached a political agreement on a free trade agreement that would form part of a wider Partnership Agreement including political dialogue and cooperation. The 2024 text of the trade pillar seeks to adjust an earlier political agreement of 28 June 2019 to EU demands for Mercosur to make stronger sustainability commitments, notably in respect to the Paris Agreement, and ...

Greenland, a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark, has a significant fishing industry, with seafood exports accounting for over 90 % of total exports. The EU and Greenland have established fisheries relations since Greenland left the European Economic Community in 1985. The relationship allows EU vessels to fish in Greenlandic waters in return for a financial contribution, and allows duty-free access for Greenlandic fishery products to the EU market. In addition, Greenland is by ...

Greenland is a self-governing Arctic island within the Kingdom of Denmark, which strives for economic self-sufficiency and future independence. This representative democracy of 56 542 inhabitants will elect 31 members to Greenland's 合法博彩网站 on 11 March 2025. These parliamentary elections are taking place against the fraught background of rising geopolitical tensions. In the context of a heating 鈥� literally and figuratively 鈥� Arctic, Greenland is a focus of geopolitical competition and growing ...

Le r猫glement 茅tablissant une facilit茅 pour les r茅formes et la croissance en faveur de la R茅publique de Moldavie apportera au pays un financement d鈥檜ne valeur de pr猫s de 1,9 milliard d鈥檈uros pour la p茅riode 2025-2027. Cette facilit茅 a pour but d'investir en Moldavie, d鈥檃cc茅l茅rer ses r茅formes socio-茅conomiques, de renforcer sa r茅silience et de faire progresser son int茅gration dans l鈥橴nion europ茅enne. Le Parlement devrait mettre aux voix le texte convenu r茅sultant de n茅gociations interinstitutionnelles ...

This infographic provides insight into the economic performance of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia compared with the European Union (EU) and examines the trade dynamics between them. The growth rate for Morocco and Egypt, although decreasing from 2023, remains at 2.8 percent and 2.7 percent, respectively. The GDP growth rate of Tunisia and the EU is up compared to 2023, but still below 2 percent, standing at 1.6 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. In the past two years, Egypt has experienced a rapid ...