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Ukraine is the second largest country on the European continent after Russia. Its oil, coal and gas reserves, as well as its geostrategic position, ensured its important role in energy trade, both during the Soviet Union and after its collapse. However, Russia's initial invasion of Ukraine (since 2014), followed by a full-scale war of aggression against the country, have had severe human and economic impacts. In the energy area, for example, Russia's strategy has been to weaponise (e.g. the occupation ...

The six countries that make up the region known as the Western Balkans differ in terms of size, population, economy, energy mix and energy import dependency. At the same time, they share common elements because of their geographical proximity, and 鈥� in some cases 鈥� common policies adopted in the past. An example is their ageing infrastructure dating back to the 1970s, which was damaged during the conflicts in former Yugoslavia. Another common element (except for Albania) is their reliance on solid ...

The energy system is a cornerstone of the United States (US) economy and competitiveness. The country's energy mix in 2022 was well-diversified, consisting of two thirds natural gas and oil, with the rest almost equal proportions of coal, nuclear and renewables. By using its vast reserves in fossil fuels and applying new extraction technologies, the US has managed to increase its fossil fuel production significantly over the past 10 years and, since 2019, it has become a net energy exporter for the ...

In this issue... 鈼� US President Trump starts enacting his economic policy agenda and threatens the EU with tariffs. 鈼� Headline inflation falls to 2.4% as underlying indicators ease. 鈼� ECB reduces key policy rate by 25 bps. 鈼� The euro continues to strengthen against the dollar amid growing uncertainty on US鈥檚 tariffs. 鈼� The Fed keeps rate unchanged among economic uncertainty while challenges to independence arise. 鈼� ECB reckons new US approach to cryptos and CBDCs strengthens the case for ...

New methods are now available for processing mined metal ores that produce essentially no pollution compared to existing techniques. The large-scale development of these methods would allow EU mines to reopen, greatly contributing to EU sovereignty targets while lowering carbon emissions. Demonstrations of these technologies in Europe already exist at industrial scale, and current regulatory frameworks could be adapted to accommodate and promote their use. With the rollout of carbon pricing on imports ...

Malta is legally bound to reach climate neutrality by 2050. In 2023, the country accounted for around 0.1 % of the EU's net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and achieved a net emissions reduction of 20.7 % compared with 2005 (see trajectory in Figure 1). In 2023, emissions from sectors covered by the effort-sharing legislation increased by 32.3 % since 2005, and were significantly above those from sectors under the EU emissions trading system (ETS), which were down 59.8 % over the same period. Malta's ...

The original full study explores the current and future flexibility needs in the electricity system as well as existing and potential solutions to efficiently integrate renewable energy and facilitate electrification of end-uses. Key findings highlight the importance of flexible electricity generation, demand response and energy storage solutions for daily, weekly, and seasonal flexibility provision. However, challenges persist due to inadequate market rules and regulatory frameworks, and economic ...

This study explores the current and future flexibility needs in the electricity system as well as existing and potential solutions to efficiently integrate renewable energy and facilitate electrification of end-uses. Key findings highlight the importance of flexible electricity generation, demand response and energy storage solutions for daily, weekly, and seasonal flexibility provision. However, challenges persist due to inadequate market rules and regulatory frameworks, and economic issues. The ...

Much of the relationship between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) is set out in the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), which came fully into force in May 2021. The depth and complexity of relations between the EU and the UK following the latter's withdrawal on 31 January 2020 vary depending on the policy area concerned. For example, the TCA devotes many more articles to energy relations than to climate relations. This is due to a variety of reasons, but can often be partially ...

La guerra condotta dalla Russia in Ucraina ha indotto l'UE ad adottare misure per garantire la sua sicurezza energetica. Dopo tre anni, i risultati sono positivi, tuttavia si pu貌 fare di pi霉 per ridurre ulteriormente la dipendenza dall'energia nucleare e dai combustibili fossili russi nell'UE. Durante la sessione plenaria di marzo la Commissione dovrebbe presentare una dichiarazione in merito.