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Russia's war in Ukraine led the EU to take measures for its energy security. Three years later, the results are positive, but more can be done to further lower reliance on Russian fossil fuels and nuclear energy in the EU. The Commission is due to make a statement on the issue during the March plenary session.

This study provides an overview of the impact of commodity traders on agricultural markets. It examines the ramifications of financialisation, explores prevailing trends, and confronts the challenges that characterise the industry's landscape. Moreover, after analysing the regulatory state of play at the international level, it provides suggestions towards bolstering the sector's accountability and transparency, essential for fostering trust and sustainability. By scrutinising these aspects, this ...

On 17 November 2021, the European Commission tabled a legislative proposal aimed at curbing deforestation and forest degradation driven by the expansion of agricultural land used to produce specific commodities, namely cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soya and wood. Following up on a 2020 European 合法博彩网站 resolution, which called for regulatory action to tackle EU-driven global deforestation, the proposal would impose due diligence obligations on operators placing these commodities and some derived ...

This papers reflects on recent turmoil created by derivatives used by energy companies and by UK pension funds, assessing some recent work of the European Supervisory Authorities, reports on EIOPA鈥檚 review of Credit Protection Insurance that unveiled poor underwriting and sales practices, as well as poor value for money from a consumer perspective, and contains a section on cyber risk, subject to increased warnings by supervisory authorities.

The pandemic and the negotiations following Brexit have been a serious challenge for the integrity of the single market, in particular regarding free movement. Growing world tensions and the military aggression against Ukraine by the Russian Federation are now further emphasising the benefits of unity between Member States. Faced with this extremely difficult environment, the EU has responded with unprecedented determination, developing a series of tools and coordination mechanisms, such as common ...

The price of oil has fallen significantly since June 2014, from a peak of US$115 per barrel (bl) then to US$26 per barrel in January 2016, although it has somewhat recovered recently. This can partly be explained by weaker demand, robust supply growth and the expanding coverage of mandatory energy effciency provisions worldwide. These changes come at a time of major turmoil in parts of the Middle East. Iraq 鈥� with the world鈥檚 fifth largest oil reserves 鈥� is engaged in the fight against ISIL/Da鈥檈sh ...

Since its establishment in 2014, ISIL/Da'esh has become one of the most dangerous terrorist organisations in history, due to its ideological appeal, territorial expansion, and diverse sources of revenue, including from oil sales. As plunging oil prices reduce the 'caliphate's' profits, they may also bear a negative impact on the capacities of the anti-ISIL/Da'esh coalition.

For the first time, new EU laws regulate the agricultural commodity derivatives markets and their participants. By 1st July 2014, some important technical standards and other instruments that determine the effectiveness and the enforcement of these laws still needed to be decided. This study finds that the price discovery and hedging functions of European agricultural commodity derivatives markets and their related infrastructure in the physical agricultural markets need improvements from the perspective ...

Oil prices have increased considerably over the past years at global level, while natural gas and other energy prices have seen differing developments in each world region. The present report examines the level of impact of high oil prices on European energy prices and analyses the underlying mechanisms. Policy options to reduce this impact are discussed.

Uzbekistan is the Central Asia Republic that suffered the less from the collapse of Soviet Union. GDP was restored to pre-independence levels as early as 2002, and the country has since enjoyed a protracted phase of sustained economic growth. Uzbekistan is currently a medium-low income country, and living conditions in the country have significantly improved, though mainly in urban areas. Regional and social disparities are high. Rather than liberalise its economy and adopt the economic reforms ...