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In the EU, one in four children are either foreign-born themselves or have foreign-born parents. On 1 January 2022, around 6.6 million children did not have the citizenship of their country of residence in the EU. Almost three out of four of these children lived in Germany, France, Italy or Spain, the countries hosting the largest number of non-national children in absolute terms. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine started on 24 February 2022, millions of people, most of them women and children, sought refuge in EU countries. In September 2022, Member States recorded around 2.25 million Ukrainian minors who needed to attend school. As children with a migrant background make up a large part of the population, their successful integration also has an impact on the social cohesion of the EU. The EU has a shared competence in the area of migration and integration, meaning that it can shape the policy area by setting common standards, but Member States retain their prerogative to set up and implement their national policies. The 2021-2027 EU action plan on integration and inclusion constitutes the central pillar of EU policy in this area, providing a common policy framework to help Member States develop their national migrant integration policies in line with the freedoms and values laid out in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. All children, regardless of their family or cultural background or gender, have the right to education to further their development. Migrant, especially refugee, children, may have had a break in their education or not been able to go to school at all, and therefore require tailored support to address their particular needs. However, regardless of a series of hurdles that migrant children may face on their education path, a recent OECD report demonstrates that their outcomes have improved. Moreover, young people with migrant parents are catching up in the labour market, and their employment rates are now generally higher and unemployment rates lower than a decade ago.