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Slovakia aims to reach climate neutrality by 2050 (see trajectory in Figure 1).The country accounted for 1.1 % of the EU's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2023 and achieved an emissions reduction of 27.3 % from 2005 to 2023, slightly below the EU average reduction of 30.2 % over the same period. Emissions from sectors under the EU emission trading system (ETS) fell by 41.7 %. For the effort-sharing sectors, Slovakia largely over-achieved its targets for 2020. Slovakia's land use, land-use ...

Hungary is legally bound to reach climate neutrality by 2050 (see trajectory in Figure 1), and aims to achieve a 50 % reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 compared with 1990 levels. Hungary accounted for 1.6 % of the EU's net GHG emissions in 2023, and achieved a net emissions reduction of 32.5 % from 2005 to 2023, slightly more than the EU average reduction of 30.5 % over the same period. Emissions from sectors under the EU emissions trading system (ETS) were more than halved (-55.3 ...

Malta is legally bound to reach climate neutrality by 2050. In 2023, the country accounted for around 0.1 % of the EU's net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and achieved a net emissions reduction of 20.7 % compared with 2005 (see trajectory in Figure 1). In 2023, emissions from sectors covered by the effort-sharing legislation increased by 32.3 % since 2005, and were significantly above those from sectors under the EU emissions trading system (ETS), which were down 59.8 % over the same period. Malta's ...

Using an own, newly elaborated functional definition of mobility poverty, this study first estimates mobility poverty in the nine EU outermost regions and assesses its effects on their transport and tourism sectors. It then reviews the Fit for 55 transport-related legislation and analyses its implications for these remote territories. It also outlines the main EU, national and regional measures tackling the adverse effects of both mobility poverty and the new climate legislation, and finally concludes ...

Commitments made by Wopke Hoekstra, Commissioner-designate for Climate, Net Zero and Clean Growth, 2024-2029

This is the ninth edition of an annual EPRS publication aimed at identifying and framing some of the key issues and policy areas that have the potential to feature prominently in public debate and on the political agenda of the European Union over the coming year. The topics analysed encompass economic productivity, the 2040 climate target, economic security, investment capacity, the EU's future finances, electric vehicles, competitiveness in artificial intelligence, European defence, migrant return ...

The Netherlands aims to reach climate neutrality by 2050 (see trajectory in Figure 1) and deliver a 55 % greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction by 2030 compared with 1990. The country accounts for 5.3 % of the EU's net GHG emissions, and achieved a net emissions reduction of 32.3 % between 2005 and 2023, greater than the EU average reduction of 30.5 % over the same period. Emissions from sectors under the EU emissions trading system (ETS) fell by 37.2 %. Because of the role of agriculture, the Dutch land ...

The German Climate Change Act sets the obligation to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 65 % of 1990 levels by 2030 and achieve GHG neutrality by 2045 (see trajectory in Figure 1). Germany accounts for 23.7 % of the EU's net GHG emissions and reduced its net emissions by 30.7 % between 2005 and 2023, slightly above the EU average of 30.5 %. As shown below, Germany significantly reduced emissions from the emissions trading sector. However, it missed its target under the EU effort-sharing legislation ...

Czechia does not have a national climate target, and aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in line with EU climate and energy legislation. Czechia accounted for 3.6 % of the EU's net GHG emissions in 2023. The country reduced its net emissions by 25.6 % over the 2005-2023 period, which is less than the EU average reduction of 30.5 %. As shown in Figure 1, Czechia significantly reduced emissions from sectors under the EU emissions trading system (ETS). Czechia's net emissions have been impacted ...

France is legally bound to reach climate neutrality by 2050. In 2023, the country accounted for 12.4 % of the EU's net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and achieved a net emissions reduction of 28.1 % compared with 2005. Between 2005 and 2023, France's total emissions decreased by 31.2 %, but its carbon sink in the land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector declined by more than half (Figure 1). While the emissions from sectors under the EU emissions trading system (ETS) decreased by 52.3 ...