合法博彩网站

叠9鈥�0413/2020

European 合法博彩网站 resolution on the draft Commission implementing decision authorising the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize MON 87427 脳 MON 89034 脳 MIR162 脳 MON 87411 and genetically modified maize combining two or three of the single events MON 87427, MON 89034, MIR162 and MON 87411 pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European 合法博彩网站 and of the Council

(D069146/02 鈥� )

合法博彩网站,

鈥�听having regard to the draft Commission implementing decision authorising the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize MON 87427 脳 MON 89034 脳 MIR162 脳 MON 87411 and genetically modified maize combining two or three of the single events MON 87427, MON 89034, MIR162 and MON 87411 pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European 合法博彩网站 and of the Council (D069146/02),

鈥�听having regard to Regulation (EC) No听1829/2003 of the European 合法博彩网站 and of the Council of 22听September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed[1], and in particular Articles 7(3) and 19(3) thereof,

鈥�听having regard to the vote of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health referred to in Article 35 of Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003, on 26 October 2020, at which no opinion was delivered,

鈥�听having regard to Articles听11 and 13 of Regulation (EU) No听182/2011 of the European 合法博彩网站 and of the Council of 16听February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by Member States of the Commission鈥檚 exercise of implementing powers[2],

鈥�听having regard to the opinion adopted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on 26 September 2019, and published on 7 November 2019[3],

鈥�听having regard to its previous resolutions objecting to the authorisation of genetically modified organisms (鈥楪MOs鈥�)[4],

鈥�听having regard to Rule 112(2) and (3) of its Rules of Procedure,

鈥�听having regard to the motion for a resolution by the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety;

A.听whereas, on 24 May 2017, Monsanto Europe N.V. submitted, on behalf of Monsanto company, United States, an application to the national competent authority of the Netherlands for the placing on the market of foods, food ingredients and feed containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified maize MON 87427 脳 MON 89034 脳 MIR162 脳 MON 87411 (鈥榯he stacked GM maize鈥�) in accordance with Articles 5 and 17 of Regulation (EC) No听1829/2003 (鈥榯he application鈥�); whereas the application also covered the placing on the market of products containing or consisting of the stacked GM maize for uses other than food and feed, with the exception of cultivation;

B.听whereas, in addition, the application covered the placing on the market of products containing, consisting of or produced from 10 sub-combinations of those single transformation events constituting the stacked GM maize;

C.听whereas four sub-combinations of the stacked GM maize have already been authorised; whereas the draft Commission implementing decision covers the remaining six sub-combinations;

D.听whereas the stacked GM maize is derived from crossing four genetically modified (鈥楪M鈥�) maize events (MON 87427, MON 89034, MIR162 and MON 87411), confers tolerance to glyphosate-containing herbicides and produces four insecticidal proteins (Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, Vip3Aa20 and Cry3Bb1) which are also known as 鈥楤t鈥� proteins and which are toxic to certain lepidopteran (butterflies and moths) and coleopteran insects[5];

E.听whereas previous assessments of the four single events and four of the sub-combinations of the stacked GM maize, which have already been authorised, were used as a basis for the assessment of the four-event stacked GM maize and the remaining six sub-combinations;

F.听whereas, on 26 September 2019, EFSA adopted a favourable opinion, which was published on 7 November 2019, in relation to that application;

G.听whereas Regulation (EC)听No 1829/2003 states that GM food or feed must not have adverse effects on human health, animal health or the environment, and requires the Commission to take into account any relevant provisions of Union law and other legitimate factors relevant to the matter under consideration when drafting its decision;

Member State concerns and lack of experimental data on sub-combinations

H.听whereas Member States submitted many critical comments to EFSA during the three-month consultation period[6]; whereas those critical comments include concerns that no analysis has been done regarding glyphosate residues or glyphosate metabolites on the stacked GM maize, that there has been no testing of the possible synergistic or antagonistic effects of the Bt proteins and of herbicide residues, that questions on the safety of the stacked GM maize and derived food and feed remain unanswered, that the potential long-term reproductive or developmental effects of the food or feed have not been assessed and that, due to missing information, the safety of the stacked GM maize cannot be fully assessed;

I.听whereas听an independent scientific analysis has found that, inter alia, no final conclusion can be drawn regarding the safety of the stacked GM maize, that the toxicological assessment and the environmental risk assessment are unacceptable and that the risk assessment does not fulfil requirements for assessing risks to the immune system[7];

J.听whereas no experimental data was provided by the applicant for the currently unauthorised six sub-combinations of the stacked GM maize[8];

Lack of assessment of herbicide residues and break-down products

K.听whereas a number of studies show that herbicide-tolerant GM crops result in a higher use of 鈥榗omplementary鈥� herbicides, due in large part to the emergence of herbicide-tolerant weeds[9]; whereas, as a consequence, it has to be expected that the stacked GM maize will be exposed to both higher and repeated doses of glyphosate, and that therefore a higher quantity of residues may be present in the harvest; whereas the stacked GM maize expresses two glyphosate-tolerant proteins, making it even more tolerant to higher dosages and repeated spraying;

L.听whereas questions concerning the carcinogenicity of glyphosate remain; whereas EFSA concluded in November 2015 that glyphosate was unlikely to be carcinogenic and the European Chemicals Agency concluded in March 2017 that no classification was warranted; whereas, on the contrary, in 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the specialised cancer agency of the World Health Organization, classified glyphosate as a probable carcinogen for humans;

M.听whereas in its scientific opinion of 26 September 2019, the EFSA Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms (EFSA GMO Panel) states that 鈥榯he assessment of herbicide residues in maize herbicide-tolerant crops relevant for this application has been investigated by the EFSA Pesticides Unit鈥�[10]; whereas, according to an opinion delivered by the EFSA Pesticides Unit however, data on glyphosate residues on GM maize with EPSPS modifications[11] are insufficient to derive maximum residue levels and risk assessment values[12];

N.听whereas, again according to the EFSA Pesticides Unit, toxicological data allowing a consumer risk assessment to be performed for several break-down products of glyphosate relevant for GM glyphosate-tolerant crops are听missing[13];

O.听whereas assessment of herbicide residues, and herbicide break-down products, found on GM plants, along with their potential interaction with Bt proteins, is considered outside the remit of the EFSA GMO Panel and is therefore not undertaken as part of the authorisation process for GMOs; whereas this is problematic, since the way in which complementary herbicides are broken down by the GM plant concerned, and the composition and thus toxicity of the break-down products (鈥榤etabolites鈥�), can be driven by听the genetic modification itself[14];

Bt proteins

P.听whereas a number of studies show that side effects have been observed that may affect the immune system following exposure to Bt proteins and that some Bt proteins may have adjuvant properties[15], meaning that they can increase the allergenicity of other proteins that they come into contact with;

Q.听whereas a minority opinion adopted by a member of the EFSA GMO Panel in the process of assessing another stacked GM maize and its sub-combinations found that, while unintended effects on the immune system have never been identified in any application where Bt proteins are expressed, they could 鈥榥ot be observed by the toxicological studies [...] currently recommended and performed for the safety assessment of GM plants at EFSA because they do not include the appropriate tests for this purpose鈥�[16];

R.听whereas it cannot be concluded that consumption of the stacked GM maize or its sub-combinations is safe for human and animal health;

Undemocratic decision-making

S.听whereas the vote on 26 October 2020 of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health referred to in Article 35 of Regulation (EC) No听1829/2003 delivered no opinion, meaning that the authorisation was not supported by a qualified majority of Member States;

T.听whereas the Commission recognises that the fact that GMO authorisation decisions continue to be adopted by the Commission without a qualified majority of Member States in favour, which is very much the exception for product authorisations as a whole but which has become the norm for decision-making on GM food and feed authorisations, is problematic;

U.听whereas, in its eighth term, 合法博彩网站 adopted a total of 36 resolutions objecting to the placing on the market of GMOs for food and feed (33 resolutions) and to the cultivation of GMOs in the Union (three resolutions); whereas, to date, 合法博彩网站 has adopted eleven objections in its ninth term; whereas there was not a qualified majority of Member States in favour of authorising any of those GMOs; whereas despite its own acknowledgement of the democratic shortcomings, the lack of support from Member States and the objections of 合法博彩网站, the Commission continues to authorise GMOs;

V.听whereas, under Regulation (EU) No听182/2011, the Commission may decide not to authorise a GMO when there is no qualified majority of Member States in favour in the Appeal Committee[17]; whereas no change of law is required in this respect;

1.听Considers that the draft Commission implementing decision exceeds the implementing powers provided for in Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003;

2.听Considers that the draft Commission implementing decision is not consistent with Union law, in that it is not compatible with the aim of Regulation (EC) No听1829/2003, which is, in accordance with the general principles laid down in Regulation (EC) No听178/2002 of the European 合法博彩网站 and of the Council[18], to provide the basis for ensuring a high level of protection of human life and health, animal health and welfare, and environmental and consumer interests, in relation to GM food and feed, while ensuring the effective functioning of the internal market;

3.听Calls on the Commission to withdraw its draft implementing decision;

4.听Welcomes the fact that the Commission finally recognised, in a letter of 11 September 2020 to Members, the need to take sustainability into account when it comes to authorisation decisions on GMOs[19]; expresses its strong disappointment, however, that, on 28 September 2020, the Commission authorised another GM soybean for import[20] despite an objection by 合法博彩网站 and a majority of Member States voting against;

5.听Calls on the Commission to move forward with the utmost urgency concerning the development of sustainability criteria, with full involvement of 合法博彩网站; calls on the Commission to provide information on how this process will be undertaken and in what timeframe;

6.听Urges the Commission, again, to take into account the Union鈥檚 obligations under international agreements, such as the Paris Climate Agreement, the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Sustainable Development Goals;

7.听Reiterates its call on the Commission to stop authorising GMOs, whether for cultivation or for food and feed uses, when no opinion is delivered by Member States in the Appeal Committee, in accordance with Article 6(3) of Regulation (EU) No听182/2011;

8.听Reiterates its call on the Commission not to authorise herbicide-tolerant GM crops until the health risks associated with the residues have been comprehensively investigated on a case-by-case basis, which requires a full assessment of the residues from spraying such GM crops with complementary herbicides, an assessment of the herbicide break-down products and any combinatorial effects, including with the GM plant itself;

9.听Reiterates its call on the Commission not to authorise any sub-combinations of stacked GM events unless they have been thoroughly evaluated by EFSA on the basis of complete data submitted by the applicant;

10.听Considers, more specifically, that to approve varieties for which no safety data have been provided, which have not been tested, or which have not even been created yet, runs contrary to the principles of general food law, as laid down in Regulation (EC) No听178/2002;

11.听Reiterates its call on EFSA to further develop and systematically use methods that permit the identification of unintended effects of stacked GM events, such as in relation to the adjuvant properties of Bt proteins;

12.听Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council and the Commission, and to the governments and parliaments of the Member States.

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