合法博彩网站

At the end of January 2024, Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger announced their withdrawal (referred to as 'Sahelexit' by several media outlets) from the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). This withdrawal 鈥� with immediate effect according to the departing states, within a one-year deadline according to the ECOWAS Treaty 鈥� presents a complex set of challenges for the region. ECOWAS, initially designed to promote regional economic integration, has over the years adopted protocols to uphold ...

On 26 July 2023, a coup by his military entourage overthrew President Bazoum in Niger. On 30 August, just after President Ali Bongo had been officially declared elected for a third term in Gabon, a group of military officers announced his removal from office and arrest, and suspended the constitution. These latest coups add to the growing list of unconstitutional changes of government in sub-Saharan Africa in recent years. During the September plenary, Question Time with the High Representative/Vice-President ...

The Gulf of Guinea is framed by 6 000 km of west African coastline, from Senegal to Angola. Its sea basin is an important resource for fisheries and is part of a key sea route for the transport of goods between central and southern Africa and the rest of the world. Its geo-political and geo-economic importance has grown since it has become a strategic hub in global and regional energy trade. Every day, nearly 1 500 fishing vessels, cargo ships and tankers navigate its waters. The security of this ...

Die maritime Sicherheit Afrikas wird durch eine Vielzahl illegaler Aktivit盲ten gef盲hrdet. Im Vordergrund dieser Studie stehen Piraterie und bewaffnete Raub眉berf盲lle auf See, wobei die rechtlichen Aspekte und gesell卢schaft卢lichen Auswirkungen dieser Formen von Gewalt unter卢sucht werden. Piraterie und bewaffnete Raub卢眉ber卢f盲lle vor der K眉ste Afrikas stellen auch eine Bedro卢hung f眉r die Sicherheit und Wirtschaft der Europ盲ischen Union dar. Seit 2008 verfolgt die Europ盲ische Union mittels verschiedener ...

The cross-border dimension of the Boko Haram insurgency 鈥� one of the world's deadliest terrorist groups 鈥� has compelled the countries in the Lake Chad basin to coordinate their fight against it. Launched in 2014, the Multinational Joint Task Force has weakened the group, without fully defeating it. The acute humanitarian situation calls for an approach that goes beyond military intervention. This 'at a glance' note updates a previous edition from March 2015.

Since 1980, the EU has set up a network of bilateral fisheries agreements, providing fishing opportunities for the EU fleet in the waters of third countries. These agreements were concluded with countries in West Africa (1980-1998), in the western Indian Ocean (1984-1989), and in the western-central Pacific (2003-2007). Over the past few years, the European Commission has considered the possibility of expanding EU fleet access to new partner countries鈥� waters in the three regions. These fishing opportunities ...

Export taxes and restrictions take various forms and their effects may not be limited to the countries that apply them. Developing countries use such export taxes and restrictions in pursuit of development policy objectives. The effects on third countries depend on the market power of the country applying them and the nature of the restriction or tax. Large developing and emerging economies are the main users of these types of instruments, which are often used to counter the distortions due to tariff ...

Although negotiations on Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) were launched with seven regions in 2002 鈥� with the expectation that they would be concluded within five years 鈥� only one full EPA was in force by March 2015: the agreement between the EU and the Caribbean Forum (CARIFORUM). A few interim EPAs are being implemented, including one for Eastern and Southern Africa. This briefing compares the principal provisions on social and environmental standards in the EPA with West Africa to the provisions ...

The European Union should promote a new transatlantic partnership encompassing both North and South America. Such cooperation is necessary not only to respond to competitive challenges from countries like China and India, but also to help develop new markets in Africa and to promote strong partnerships across the South Atlantic. More important, a new transatlantic partnership is essential to protect the security of the Atlantic basin, to develop more sustainable use of energy resources, to protect ...

The global maritime security environment is in the midst of an important transformation, driven by a simultaneous intensification of global maritime flows, the growing interconnectedness of maritime regions, the diffusion of maritime power to emerging powers, and the rise of a number of maritime non-state actors. These changes are having a profound impact on the maritime security environment of the EU and its member states and require an upgrading of the maritime dimension of the EU鈥檚 Common Security ...