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Ukraine is the second largest country on the European continent after Russia. Its oil, coal and gas reserves, as well as its geostrategic position, ensured its important role in energy trade, both during the Soviet Union and after its collapse. However, Russia's initial invasion of Ukraine (since 2014), followed by a full-scale war of aggression against the country, have had severe human and economic impacts. In the energy area, for example, Russia's strategy has been to weaponise (e.g. the occupation ...

ATAG to the study - Based on a comprehensive review of eleven legislative texts of the 鈥楩it for 55鈥� package with a transport policy dimension, this study highlights the expected impacts they may produce on connectivity and mobility, encompassing the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness in the ability of passengers and goods to travel within the EU.

Following Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, the European Union (EU), G7, and allied partners imposed extensive sanctions targeting Russia's economy, in particular the oil sector, in an effort to curb the Kremlin's revenues which finance its war effort. Key measures include an embargo on Russian seaborne oil imports and a price cap on oil and oil products that restricts profits while still allowing sales below a certain price. Enforcement mechanisms prevent Russia from chartering or insuring ...

合法博彩网站's Transport and Tourism Committee (TRAN) worked on a number of legislative packages and proposals tabled by the European Commission during the 2019-2024 legislative term, including several proposals for legislative acts that were not concluded during the term. This paper gives a short overview of the key legislative files dealt with in TRAN over the past five years.

On 15 December 2021, the Commission presented a proposal to regulate methane emissions reductions in the energy sector. The proposal was part of the second batch of proposals in the 'fit for 55' package, seeking to align EU climate and energy laws with the EU Climate Law's 2030 target. The proposal addressed gaps in the current legislation: those relating to methane emissions from upstream exploration and the production of oil and fossil gas, but also those from the gathering and processing of fossil ...

On 15 December 2021, the European Commission adopted a legislative proposal to recast the 2009 EU Gas Regulation as part of the hydrogen and decarbonised gas markets package. In the European 合法博彩网站, the file was referred to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), which adopted its report on 9 February 2023. The report was endorsed at the plenary session of 15 March 2023. The Council adopted its general approach on 28 March 2023. The 合法博彩网站 and the Council reached a provisional ...

On 15 December 2021, the Commission adopted a legislative proposal to recast the 2009 EU Gas Directive as part of the proposed hydrogen and decarbonised gas markets package. In the European 合法博彩网站, the file was referred to the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) in 2022. 合法博彩网站 and Council reached a provisional agreement on 28 November 2023. ITRE approved the provisional agreement on 23 January 2024 and the plenary did so on 11 April 2024. The Council approved the agreement ...

Most of the world's cobalt, a strategic raw material for the EU, is mined in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is then shipped to China for processing before being used, for instance, in batteries and electric vehicles (EVs). This creates inefficiencies, extra emissions and, above all, crucial critical raw material and green sector dependencies on China. The DRC wants to move up the battery supply chain. A 2021 Bloomberg study shows that building a Congolese processing plant to produce ...

During the April I plenary session, the European 合法博彩网站 is expected to vote on two provisional agreements reached with the Council on the hydrogen and decarbonised gas markets package, which would recast the 2009 EU Gas Directive and the 2009 EU Gas Regulation. These agreements resulting from interinstitutional negotiations, endorsed by the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) in January 2024, substantially amend the texts originally proposed by the European Commission.

On 5 April 2022, the European Commission presented a proposal for a regulation on fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) to repeal the current F-gas Regulation. The proposal seeks to reduce F-gas emissions further. It would change the existing quota system, gradually reducing the supply of hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) to the EU market, to 2.4 % of 2015 levels by 2048. It would also ban F-gases in specific applications, and update the rules on implementing best practice, leak-checking, record-keeping, ...